1. Bullying

Part of speech: Adjective / Verb (gerund)

Meaning: Using superior strength to intimidate someone, typically to force them to do something

Tamil Meaning: கொடுமைப்படுத்துதல்

Malayalam Meaning: ഭീഷണിപ്പെടുത്തൽ

Kannada Meaning: ಬೆದರಿಸುವಿಕೆ

Synonyms: Intimidating, threatening, coercing, harassing

Antonyms: Supporting, encouraging, protecting, defending

Usage in Sentence: The bullying approach adopted by some nations undermines diplomatic relations.

2. Forbearance

Part of speech: Noun

Meaning: Patient self-control; restraint or tolerance

Tamil Meaning: பொறுமை

Malayalam Meaning: സഹനം

Kannada Meaning: ಸಹನೆ

Synonyms: Patience, tolerance, restraint, endurance

Antonyms: Impatience, intolerance, rashness, impulsiveness

Usage in Sentence: The country showed remarkable forbearance in dealing with provocative actions from its trading partners.

3. Tariff

Part of speech: Noun

Meaning: Tax imposed on imported goods and services

Tamil Meaning: சுங்க வரி

Malayalam Meaning: കസ്റ്റംസ് തീരുവ

Kannada Meaning: ಸುಂಕ

Synonyms: Duties, taxes, levies, customs

Antonyms: Subsidies, exemptions, rebates, concessions

Usage in Sentence: The new tariff on steel imports will significantly affect bilateral trade relations.

4. Substantially

Part of speech: Adverb

Meaning: To a significant extent

Tamil Meaning: கணிசமாக

Malayalam Meaning: ഗണ്യമായി

Kannada Meaning: ಗಣನೀಯವಾಗಿ

Synonyms: Considerably, significantly, largely, greatly

Antonyms: Marginally, slightly, minimally, negligibly

Usage in Sentence: Oil prices have risen substantially following the imposition of sanctions.

5. Aide

Part of speech: Noun

Meaning: An assistant to an important person, especially a political leader

Tamil Meaning: உதவியாளர்

Malayalam Meaning: സഹായി

Kannada Meaning: ಸಹಾಯಕ

Synonyms: Assistant, advisor, helper, counsellor

Antonyms: Principal, leader, chief, superior

Usage in Sentence: The President's senior aide briefed the media about the new foreign policy initiative.

6. Sanction

Part of speech: Noun

Meaning: Penalty or restrictive measure imposed by one country against another

Tamil Meaning: (பொருளாதார) தடைகள்

Malayalam Meaning: ഉപരോധങ്ങൾ

Kannada Meaning: ನಿರ್ಬಂಧಗಳು

Synonyms: Penalties, restrictions, embargoes, boycotts

Antonyms: Rewards, incentives, support, assistance

Usage in Sentence: Economic sanctions have been imposed to pressure the country into compliance.

7. Unjustified

Part of speech: Adjective

Meaning: Not having an adequate reason

Tamil Meaning: நியாயமற்ற

Malayalam Meaning: ന്യായീകരിക്കാനാകാത്ത

Kannada Meaning: ಅನ್ಯಾಯದ

Synonyms: Unwarranted, unreasonable, groundless, baseless

Antonyms: Justified, reasonable, warranted, legitimate

Usage in Sentence: The leader called the allegations against the trade deal unjustified.

8. Vital

Part of speech: Adjective

Meaning: Absolutely necessary; essential

Tamil Meaning: இன்றியமையாத

Malayalam Meaning: അത്യാവശ്യമായ

Kannada Meaning: ಅತ್ಯಗತ್ಯ

Synonyms: Essential, crucial, critical, indispensable

Antonyms: Unnecessary, optional, dispensable, trivial

Usage in Sentence: Energy security remains a vital concern for developing nations.

9. Safeguard

Part of speech: Verb

Meaning: To protect from harm or damage

Tamil Meaning: பாதுகாத்தல்

Malayalam Meaning: സംരക്ഷിക്കുക

Kannada Meaning: ರಕ್ಷಿಸುವುದು

Synonyms: Protect, defend, secure, preserve

Antonyms: Endanger, threaten, expose, jeopardise

Usage in Sentence: The government must safeguard the interests of its citizens in international negotiations.

10. Reciprocal

Part of speech: Adjective

Meaning: Given, felt or done in return

Tamil Meaning: பரஸ்பர

Malayalam Meaning: പരസ്പര

Kannada Meaning: ಪರಸ್ಪರ

Synonyms: Mutual, corresponding, equivalent, matching

Antonyms: Unilateral, one-sided, non-reciprocal, unequal

Usage in Sentence: The trade agreement includes reciprocal benefits for both nations.

11. Offensive

Part of speech: Adjective

Meaning: Causing displeasure or resentment; aggressive in nature

Tamil Meaning: தாக்குதல் தன்மையுள்ள

Malayalam Meaning: ആക്രമണാത്മക

Kannada Meaning: ಆಕ್ರಮಣಕಾರಿ

Synonyms: Aggressive, hostile, provocative, insulting

Antonyms: Defensive, peaceful, conciliatory, friendly

Usage in Sentence: The offensive rhetoric from both sides has escalated diplomatic tensions.

12. Immigration

Part of speech: Noun

Meaning: The action of coming to live permanently in a foreign country

Tamil Meaning: குடியேற்றம்

Malayalam Meaning: കുടിയേറ്റം

Kannada Meaning: ವಲಸೆ

Synonyms: Migration, settlement, relocation, movement

Antonyms: Emigration, deportation, exodus, departure

Usage in Sentence: Immigration policies have become a contentious issue in bilateral discussions.

13. Negotiation

Part of speech: Noun

Meaning: Discussion aimed at reaching an agreement

Tamil Meaning: பேச்சுவார்த்தை

Malayalam Meaning: ചർച്ചകൾ

Kannada Meaning: ಮಾತುಕತೆಗಳು

Synonyms: Talks, discussions, bargaining, diplomacy

Antonyms: Ultimatums, deadlocks, impasses, conflicts

Usage in Sentence: Trade negotiations between the two countries have reached a critical juncture.

14. Tactics

Part of speech: Noun (plural)

Meaning: Actions or strategies carefully planned to achieve a specific end

Tamil Meaning: தந்திரங்கள், உத்திகள்

Malayalam Meaning: തന്ത്രങ്ങൾ

Kannada Meaning: ತಂತ್ರಗಳು

Synonyms: Strategies, methods, approaches, manoeuvres

Antonyms: Improvisation, spontaneity, randomness, chaos

Usage in Sentence: Diplomatic tactics must be employed carefully to maintain international relationships.

15. Ostensibly

Part of speech: Adverb

Meaning: As appears or is stated to be true, though not necessarily so; apparently

Tamil Meaning: வெளிப்படையான

Malayalam Meaning: പ്രത്യക്ഷത്തിൽ

Kannada Meaning: ಬಾಹ್ಯವಾಗಿ

Synonyms: Apparently, seemingly, supposedly, allegedly

Antonyms: Actually, genuinely, truly, really

Usage in Sentence: The trade deal was ostensibly beneficial to both parties, but hidden clauses favoured one side.

16. Resistance

Part of speech: Noun

Meaning: The refusal to accept with something

Tamil Meaning: எதிர்ப்பு

Malayalam Meaning: പ്രതിരോധം

Kannada Meaning: ಪ್ರತಿರೋಧ

Synonyms: Opposition, defiance, refusal, rejection

Antonyms: Acceptance, compliance, submission, cooperation

Usage in Sentence: The country’s resistance to certain trade conditions reflects its commitment to food security.

17. Engage

Part of speech: Verb

Meaning: To participate or become involved in

Tamil Meaning: ஈடுபடுத்துதல்

Malayalam Meaning: ഇടപെടുക

Kannada Meaning: ತೊಡಗಿಸಿಕೊಳ್ಳುವುದು

Synonyms: Participate, involve, interact, communicate

Antonyms: Disengage, withdraw, isolate, avoid

Usage in Sentence: Countries must engage in constructive dialogue to resolve trade disputes.

18. Sovereignty

Part of speech: Noun

Meaning: The authority of a state to govern itself

Tamil Meaning: அரசுரிமை

Malayalam Meaning: പരമാധികാരം

Kannada Meaning: ಸಾರ್ವಭೌಮತ್ವ

Synonyms: Independence, autonomy, self-governance, supremacy

Antonyms: Dependence, subjugation, subordination, colonisation

Usage in Sentence: National sovereignty remains a cornerstone of international law.

19. Non-negotiable

Part of speech: Adjective

Meaning: Not open to discussion or modification

Tamil Meaning: பேரம் பேச முடியாத

Malayalam Meaning: വിലപേശാനാകാത്ത

Kannada Meaning: ಚರ್ಚಿಸಲಾಗದ

Synonyms: Fixed, immutable, inflexible, absolute

Antonyms: Negotiable, flexible, adjustable, modifiable

Usage in Sentence: The principle of territorial integrity is non-negotiable in peace talks.

20. Manipulated

Part of speech: Verb (past participle)

Meaning: To handle in a skilful but unscrupulous way

Tamil Meaning: கையாளப்பட்ட

Malayalam Meaning: കൈകാര്യം ചെയ്യപ്പെട്ട

Kannada Meaning: ಕುಶಲತೆಯಿಂದ ನಿಯಂತ್ರಿಸಲ್ಪಟ್ಟ

Synonyms: Controlled, influenced, exploited, maneuvered

Antonyms: Respected, honoured, liberated, freed

Usage in Sentence: Foreign policy decisions should not be manipulated by external pressures.

21. Diplomacy

Part of speech: Noun

Meaning: The profession, activity or skill of managing international relations

Tamil Meaning: இராஜதந்திரம்

Malayalam Meaning: നയതന്ത്രം

Kannada Meaning: ರಾಜತಾಂತ್ರಿಕತೆ

Synonyms: Negotiations, statesmanship, international relations, tact

Antonyms: Warfare, aggression, hostility, confrontation

Usage in Sentence: Diplomacy remains the most effective tool for resolving international conflicts.

22. Provocative

Part of speech: Adjective

Meaning: Causing annoyance or anger, especially deliberately

Tamil Meaning: ஆத்திரமூட்டும்

Malayalam Meaning: പ്രകോപിപ്പിക്കുന്ന

Kannada Meaning: ಕೋಪಗೊಳಿಸುವ

Synonyms: Inflammatory, incendiary, agitating, irritating

Antonyms: Calming, soothing, peaceful, conciliatory

Usage in Sentence: Provocative statements by leaders can escalate international tensions unnecessarily.

23. Pledged

Part of speech: Verb (past tense)

Meaning: To commit oneself to a certain course of action

Tamil Meaning: உறுதியளித்தல்

Malayalam Meaning: പ്രതിജ്ഞാബദ്ധനായി

Kannada Meaning: ಪ್ರತಿಜ್ಞೆ ಮಾಡಿದ

Synonyms: Promised, vowed, committed, guaranteed

Antonyms: Reneged, withdrew, abandoned, betrayed

Usage in Sentence: The leader pledged to restore peace through diplomatic channels.

24. Run-up

Part of speech: Noun

Meaning: A period of preparation or anticipation before an important event

Tamil Meaning: முன்னோட்டம்

Malayalam Meaning: തയ്യാറെടുപ്പ് കാലം

Kannada Meaning: ಮುಂಚಿನ ತಯಾರಿ

Synonyms: Lead-up, preparation, build-up, approach

Antonyms: Aftermath, conclusion, ending, follow-up

Usage in Sentence: In the run-up to the summit, both nations intensified their diplomatic efforts.

25. Intercontinental

Part of speech: Adjective

Meaning: Relating to or travelling between continents

Tamil Meaning: கண்டங்களுக்கிடையிலான

Malayalam Meaning: ഭൂഖണ്ഡാന്തര

Kannada Meaning: ಖಂಡಾಂತರ

Synonyms: Transcontinental, global, international, worldwide

Antonyms: Local, regional, domestic, continental

Usage in Sentence: Intercontinental missiles pose a significant threat to global security.

26. Ballistic

Part of speech: Adjective

Meaning: Relating to projectiles or their flight

Tamil Meaning: பெரும் தொலைவு பாயும் ஏவுகணை

Malayalam Meaning: പ്രക്ഷേപണ

Kannada Meaning: ಕ್ಷಿಪಣಿ

Synonyms: Missile-related, projectile, trajectory-based, launched

Antonyms: Static, stationary, fixed, immobile

Usage in Sentence: Ballistic missile defence systems are crucial for national security.

27. Warheads

Part of speech: Noun (plural)

Meaning: The explosive head of a missile or torpedo

Tamil Meaning: பேராயுதம்

Malayalam Meaning: യുദ്ധത്തലകൾ

Kannada Meaning: ಯುದ್ಧತಲೆಗಳು

Synonyms: Explosives, bombs, charges, payloads

Antonyms: Shields, defences, protections, safeguards

Usage in Sentence: Nuclear warheads represent the ultimate deterrent in modern warfare.

28. Conventional

Part of speech: Adjective

Meaning: Based on or in accordance with what is generally done or believed

Tamil Meaning: மரபு வழி

Malayalam Meaning: പരമ്പരാഗത

Kannada Meaning: ಸಾಂಪ್ರದಾಯಿಕ

Synonyms: Traditional, standard, orthodox, established

Antonyms: Unconventional, innovative, revolutionary, radical

Usage in Sentence: Conventional weapons are distinguished from nuclear and biological arms.

29. Counterpart

Part of speech: Noun

Meaning: A person or thing that corresponds to or has the same function as another

Tamil Meaning: இணையானவர்

Malayalam Meaning: പ്രതിനിധി

Kannada Meaning: ಸಮಾನ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿ

Synonyms: Equivalent, opposite number, match, parallel

Antonyms: Opposite, contrast, difference, disparity

Usage in Sentence: The Foreign Minister met with his counterpart to discuss border issues.

30. Ceasefire

Part of speech: Noun

Meaning: A temporary suspension of fighting; a truce

Tamil Meaning: போர்நிறுத்தம்

Malayalam Meaning: യുദ്ധവിരാമം

Kannada Meaning: ಯುದ್ಧ ವಿರಾಮ

Synonyms: Truce, armistice, peace, suspension

Antonyms: Warfare, conflict, hostilities, fighting

Usage in Sentence: Both sides agreed to observe a ceasefire during the peace negotiations.

31. Truce

Part of speech: Noun

Meaning: An agreement between enemies to stop fighting for a certain time

Tamil Meaning: சமாதான ஒப்பந்தம்

Malayalam Meaning: സന്ധി

Kannada Meaning: ಸಂಧಿ

Synonyms: Armistice, peace, ceasefire, suspension

Antonyms: War, conflict, hostility, aggression

Usage in Sentence: The temporary truce provided much-needed relief to civilian populations.

32. Impasse

Part of speech: Noun

Meaning: A situation in which no progress is possible

Tamil Meaning: முட்டுக்கட்டை / தேக்க நிலை

Malayalam Meaning: നിശ്ചലാവസ്ഥ

Kannada Meaning: ಸ್ಥಗಿತಾವಸ್ಥೆ

Synonyms: Deadlock, stalemate, standstill, gridlock

Antonyms: Progress, breakthrough, resolution, advancement

Usage in Sentence: Negotiations reached an impasse over the territorial dispute.

33. Divergent

Part of speech: Adjective

Meaning: Tending to be different or develop in different directions

Tamil Meaning: மாறுபட்ட

Malayalam Meaning: വ്യത്യസ്ത

Kannada Meaning: ವಿಭಿನ್ನ

Synonyms: Different, contrasting, conflicting, opposing

Antonyms: Convergent, similar, unified, harmonious

Usage in Sentence: Divergent views on trade policy have strained bilateral relations.

34. Incentive

Part of speech: Noun

Meaning: A thing that motivates or encourages someone to do something

Tamil Meaning: ஊக்குவிப்பு

Malayalam Meaning: പ്രേരണ

Kannada Meaning: ಪ್ರೇರಣೆ

Synonyms: Motivation, encouragement, stimulus, inducement

Antonyms: Deterrent, discouragement, disincentive, obstacle

Usage in Sentence: Economic incentive packages are being offered to attract foreign investment.

35. De-escalate

Part of speech: Verb

Meaning: To reduce the intensity or extent of a conflict

Tamil Meaning: பதற்றத்தை குறைத்தல்

Malayalam Meaning: ശമിപ്പിക്കുക

Kannada Meaning: ಕಡಿಮೆಗೊಳಿಸುವುದು

Synonyms: Reduce, diminish, calm, moderate

Antonyms: Escalate, intensify, aggravate, heighten

Usage in Sentence: Both nations agreed to de-escalate tensions along the border.

36. Setbacks

Part of speech: Noun (plural)

Meaning: Reverses or defeats in progress

Tamil Meaning: பின்னடைவுகள்

Malayalam Meaning: തിരിച്ചടികൾ

Kannada Meaning: ಹಿನ್ನಡೆಗಳು

Synonyms: Reverses, defeats, failures, obstacles

Antonyms: Advances, progress, successes, victories

Usage in Sentence: Despite temporary setbacks, the peace process continues to move forward.

37. Sabre-rattling

Part of speech: Noun

Meaning: The display or threat of military force

Tamil Meaning: அச்சுறுத்துவது

Malayalam Meaning: ആയുധ ഭീഷണി

Kannada Meaning: ಆಯುಧ ಬೆದರಿಕೆ

Synonyms: Threatening, intimidation, posturing, blustering

Antonyms: Peacemaking, conciliation, diplomacy, pacification

Usage in Sentence: Military sabre-rattling often undermines genuine diplomatic efforts.

38. Deter

Part of speech: Verb

Meaning: To discourage someone from doing something by instilling doubt or fear

Tamil Meaning: தடுத்தல்

Malayalam Meaning: തടയുക

Kannada Meaning: ತಡೆಯುವುದು

Synonyms: Discourage, prevent, dissuade, restrain

Antonyms: Encourage, motivate, promote, facilitate

Usage in Sentence: Strong defensive capabilities can deter potential aggressors from attacking.