The Hindu Editorial : May 13, 2025 - Learn Vocabulary

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A belated admission

Civil registration data from 2021 point to significant excess deaths

It has been four years since the delta variant of the SARS-CoV-2 virus hit India. The country bore the brunt of the pandemic’s devastating impact, with harrowing scenes of overwhelmed health-care systems, oxygen-supply shortages and even bodies floating in the Ganga in Uttar Pradesh. Reports based on data sourced from the Civil Registration System through RTIs and other means, by The Hindu in particular, besides independent surveys, showed that the toll was clearly staggering and in millions, much more than the official tally. The government’s response was defensive and dismissive; the attempt was to consistently undermine the findings. After maintaining that the reported number of COVID-19 deaths during this period was accurate, the government, through the Registrar General of India, released a report last week that showed that there were 21.5 lakh excess deaths in 2021 as against 3.32 lakh reported COVID-19 deaths. During a pandemic, the bulk of these excess deaths must have been related to the effects of the disease. Besides, lockdown restrictions had resulted in lower fatalities due to causes such as road accidents. The high number of excess deaths was estimated by The Hindu’s calculations to be nearly 6.5 times more than the reported deaths. The fact that this multiple was even higher for Gujarat (44.2), Madhya Pradesh (19.5), Uttar Pradesh (19.5) and Telangana (18.2) suggests that COVID-19 deaths were under-reported significantly in 2021. These were largely due to the fact that deaths due to comorbidities were perhaps not considered as COVID-19 deaths or because those numbers were suppressed in order to paint a rosier picture of the government’s response to the pandemic. The nearly four-year delay in releasing this report, alongside the Sample Registration System Report for 2021, reveals the Union government’s reluctance to comprehensively assess the pandemic’s true impact and its casual approach to publishing critical demographic data. This reluctance in publishing timely information coincides with the fact that India’s civil registration system that tracks births and deaths has become more robust over time with most States reporting the bulk of the deaths that occur, either in institutions such as hospitals or at homes. In some States, this reporting happens with a lag when compared to others, but it is encouraging that registration levels are getting better. But medical certification of the causes of the deaths still remains low when compared to other developing countries such as Brazil. A robust maintenance of registration and certification records is important for public health tools. The delay in release of vital data defeats the purpose of the improvements made in civil registration. Data delayed is also data denied.

Toxic trolling

Online threats of violence cannot be allowed in the name of free speech

A full-scale war between India and Pakistan may have been averted, but the troll army has come out in force to disturb the peace. After India’s Foreign Secretary Vikram Misri announced on May 10 that an understanding had been reached between the two sides to halt all military actions, his personal account on X (formerly Twitter), was flooded with abusive comments which did not spare his daughter. Mr. Misri locked the account, and several diplomats and politicians have condemned the toxic culture in no uncertain terms, pointing out that several red lines had been crossed. Mr. Misri was only doing his job and conveying a decision taken by the political leadership. The Foreign Secretary had been addressing the media since Operation Sindoor began on May 7, in response to the deadly terrorist attack in Pahalgam on April 22, in which 26 people died. The Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (I&B), which had rightly slammed Pakistan for unleashing “a full-blown disinformation offensive” on social media about the ground reality regarding Operation Sindoor, remained quiet about the vicious trolling of Mr. Misri and the doxing of his daughter. Unfortunately, with the phenomenal rise of social media in India but little Internet literacy, there is a pattern of platforms being regularly used for hate speech, abusive comments, and deliberate distortion of facts. The public sphere may have become more participatory, but that does not necessarily ensure civil behaviour. Surveys have shown that women, minorities and marginalised communities are particularly targeted by trolls. The extreme reactions often include rape and death threats. With surveillance now the byword for all tech companies, surely it should not take long to locate and end the online run of trolls. A stringent anti-troll law must be put in place to stop the acute mental and physical harassment trolls can cause. The draft Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Rules, 2025, set to be rolled out this year, prescribe penalties for misuse of personal information. Now, there are only a limited number of provisions under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita and the Information Technology Act to address cyberbullying. The courts have been more proactive by directing quick removal of offending content and also mandating the disclosure of basic subscriber information linked to such accounts. In the Shaviya Sharma case (2024), the Delhi High Court had noted that “there can be no doubt that acts of doxing if permitted to go on unchecked could result in violation of right to privacy”. In a democracy, all voices should be heard but disinformation and misinformation must be stopped with the help of guidelines and the law.

1. bore the brunt
   Type: Idiom
   Meaning: To suffer the worst part of something unpleasant.
   Tamil Meaning: மிக மோசமான பாதிப்பை அனுபவித்தல்
   Malayalam Meaning: ഏറ്റവും മോശമായ പ്രഹരം അനുഭവിക്കുക
   Kannada Meaning: ಕೆಟ್ಟ ಪರಿಣಾಮಗಳನ್ನು ಅನುಭವಿಸು
   Synonyms: Endured the worst, faced the impact
   Antonyms: Avoided, escaped
   Example Sentence: India bore the brunt of the pandemic, with overwhelmed healthcare systems and oxygen shortages.

2. devastating
   Type: Adjective
   Meaning: Highly destructive or damaging.
   Tamil Meaning: அழிவுகரமான
   Malayalam Meaning: നാശം വരുത്തുന്ന
   Kannada Meaning: ವಿನಾಶಕಾರಿ
   Synonyms: Destructive, catastrophic
   Antonyms: Beneficial, constructive
   Example Sentence: The devastating impact of the delta variant left many families grieving.

3. harrowing
   Type: Adjective
   Meaning: Extremely distressing or disturbing.
   Tamil Meaning: வேதனையூட்டும்
   Malayalam Meaning: മനോവേദനയുണ്ടാക്കുന്ന
   Kannada Meaning: ಹೃದಯವಿದ್ರಾವಕ
   Synonyms: Traumatic, agonizing
   Antonyms: Comforting, soothing
   Example Sentence: The harrowing scenes of bodies floating in the Ganga shocked the nation.

4. overwhelmed
   Type: Verb (past tense)
   Meaning: To be overpowered or unable to cope.
   Tamil Meaning: மூழ்கடிக்கப்பட்ட
   Malayalam Meaning: അതിജീവിക്കാൻ കഴിയാതെ
   Kannada Meaning: ಮುಳುಗಿದ
   Synonyms: Overloaded, swamped
   Antonyms: Calm, composed
   Example Sentence: The healthcare system was overwhelmed during the pandemic.

5. toll
   Type: Noun
   Meaning: The number of deaths or casualties.
   Tamil Meaning: இழப்பு எண்ணிக்கை
   Malayalam Meaning: മരണസംഖ്യ
   Kannada Meaning: ಸಾವಿನ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆ
   Synonyms: Casualties, fatalities
   Antonyms: Survivors, recoveries
   Example Sentence: The toll of the pandemic was far higher than officially reported.

6. staggering
   Type: Adjective
   Meaning: Shockingly large or overwhelming.
   Tamil Meaning: அதிர்ச்சியூட்டும்
   Malayalam Meaning: അതിശയിപ്പിക്കുന്ന
   Kannada Meaning: ದಿಗ್ಭ್ರಮೆಗೊಳಿಸುವ
   Synonyms: Astonishing, astounding
   Antonyms: Insignificant, modest
   Example Sentence: The staggering number of excess deaths revealed the true impact of COVID-19.

7. tally
   Type: Noun
   Meaning: A record or count of numbers.
   Tamil Meaning: கணக்கு எண்ணிக்கை
   Malayalam Meaning: എണ്ണം
   Kannada Meaning: ಲೆಕ್ಕ
   Synonyms: Count, total
   Antonyms: Estimate, guess
   Example Sentence: The official tally of COVID-19 deaths was much lower than the actual numbers.

8. dismissive
   Type: Adjective
   Meaning: Showing indifference or disregard.
   Tamil Meaning: புறக்கணிக்கும்
   Malayalam Meaning: അവഗണിക്കുന്ന
   Kannada Meaning: ನಿರ್ಲಕ್ಷ್ಯ
   Synonyms: Disregarding, indifferent
   Antonyms: Attentive, considerate
   Example Sentence: The government's dismissive response to independent reports undermined public trust.

9. undermine
   Type: Verb
   Meaning: To weaken or subvert gradually.
   Tamil Meaning: பலவீனப்படுத்து
   Malayalam Meaning: ദുർബലപ്പെടുത്തുക
   Kannada Meaning: ದುರ್ಬಲಗೊಳಿಸು
   Synonyms: Sabotage, weaken
   Antonyms: Strengthen, support
   Example Sentence: Attempts to undermine the findings of excess deaths were widely criticized.

10. fatalities
    Type: Noun
    Meaning: Deaths caused by a disaster or accident.
    Tamil Meaning: மரணங்கள்
    Malayalam Meaning: മരണങ്ങൾ
    Kannada Meaning: ಮರಣಗಳು
    Synonyms: Casualties, deaths
    Antonyms: Survivors, recoveries
    Example Sentence: Lockdowns reduced fatalities from road accidents but not from COVID-19.

11. under-reported
    Type: Adjective
    Meaning: Not reported fully or accurately.
    Tamil Meaning: குறைவாக தெரிவிக்கப்பட்ட
    Malayalam Meaning: കുറച്ച് മാത്രം റിപ്പോർട്ട് ചെയ്ത
    Kannada Meaning: ಕಡಿಮೆ ವರದಿ ಮಾಡಲಾಗಿದೆ
    Synonyms: Unreported, concealed
    Antonyms: Over-reported, disclosed
    Example Sentence: COVID-19 deaths were under-reported in several states.

12. comorbidities
    Type: Noun
    Meaning: Additional diseases or conditions present alongside a primary illness.
    Tamil Meaning: உடன்நோய்கள்
    Malayalam Meaning: കോമോർബിഡിറ്റികൾ
    Kannada Meaning: ಸಹರೋಗಗಳು
    Synonyms: Coexisting conditions
    Antonyms: Singular illness
    Example Sentence: Many COVID-19 deaths were linked to comorbidities like diabetes.

13. suppressed
    Type: Verb (past tense)
    Meaning: To prevent information from being disclosed.
    Tamil Meaning: ஒடுக்கப்பட்ட
    Malayalam Meaning: അടിച്ചമർത്തിയ
    Kannada Meaning: ಅಡಗಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ
    Synonyms: Concealed, hidden
    Antonyms: Revealed, disclosed
    Example Sentence: Reports suggest data was suppressed to hide the true death toll.

14. rosier
    Type: Adjective (comparative)
    Meaning: More optimistic or favorable.
    Tamil Meaning: மிகவும் நம்பிக்கையான
    Malayalam Meaning: കൂടുതൽ ശുഭാപ്തിവിശ്വാസം
    Kannada Meaning: ಹೆಚ್ಚು ಆಶಾವಾದಿ
    Synonyms: Brighter, more positive
    Antonyms: Bleaker, gloomier
    Example Sentence: The government aimed to paint a rosier picture of the pandemic response.

15. reluctance
    Type: Noun
    Meaning: Unwillingness or hesitation.
    Tamil Meaning: தயக்கம்
    Malayalam Meaning: മടി
    Kannada Meaning: ಹಿಂಜರಿಕೆ
    Synonyms: Hesitation, unwillingness
    Antonyms: Eagerness, willingness
    Example Sentence: The government's reluctance to release data delayed critical insights.

16. comprehensively
    Type: Adverb
    Meaning: Thoroughly or completely.
    Tamil Meaning: முழுமையாக
    Malayalam Meaning: സമഗ്രമായി
    Kannada Meaning: ಸಮಗ್ರವಾಗಿ
    Synonyms: Exhaustively, fully
    Antonyms: Superficially, partially
    Example Sentence: The report did not comprehensively assess the pandemic's impact.

17. demographic
    Type: Adjective
    Meaning: Relating to population statistics.
    Tamil Meaning: மக்கள்தொகையியல்
    Malayalam Meaning: ജനസംഖ്യാപരമായ
    Kannada Meaning: ಜನಸಂಖ್ಯಾಶಾಸ್ತ್ರೀಯ
    Synonyms: Population-based, statistical
    Antonyms: Non-statistical
    Example Sentence: Delayed release of demographic data hampers public health planning.

18. lag
    Type: Noun
    Meaning: A delay or gap.
    Tamil Meaning: தாமதம்
    Malayalam Meaning: വൈകല്യം
    Kannada Meaning: ವಿಳಂಬ
    Synonyms: Delay, gap
    Antonyms: Advance, promptness
    Example Sentence: Some states report deaths with a lag, affecting data accuracy.

19. vital
    Type: Adjective
    Meaning: Essential or critically important.
    Tamil Meaning: முக்கியமான
    Malayalam Meaning: അത്യാവശ്യം
    Kannada Meaning: ಪ್ರಮುಖ
    Synonyms: Crucial, indispensable
    Antonyms: Unimportant, trivial
    Example Sentence: Timely release of vital data is key for public health strategies.

20. full-scale
    Type: Adjective
    Meaning: Complete or extensive.
    Tamil Meaning: முழுமையான
    Malayalam Meaning: പൂർണ്ണമായ
    Kannada Meaning: ಸಂಪೂರ್ಣ
    Synonyms: Comprehensive, all-out
    Antonyms: Partial, limited
    Example Sentence: A full-scale war was averted through diplomatic efforts.

21. averted
    Type: Verb (past tense)
    Meaning: Prevented or avoided.
    Tamil Meaning: தவிர்க்கப்பட்டது
    Malayalam Meaning: തടയുക
    Kannada Meaning: ತಪ್ಪಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ
    Synonyms: Prevented, avoided
    Antonyms: Allowed, permitted
    Example Sentence: A crisis was averted after negotiations between the two countries.

22. troll
    Type: Noun
    Meaning: A person who posts provocative or offensive comments online.
    Tamil Meaning: தொந்தரவு செய்பவர்
    Malayalam Meaning: ട്രോൾ
    Kannada Meaning: ತೊಂದರೆಕೊಡುವವರು
    Synonyms: Provoker, harasser
    Antonyms: Supporter, ally
    Example Sentence: The diplomat faced abuse from a troll army on social media.

23. halt
    Type: Verb
    Meaning: To stop or bring to a pause.
    Tamil Meaning: நிறுத்து
    Malayalam Meaning: നിർത്തുക
    Kannada Meaning: ನಿಲ್ಲಿಸು
    Synonyms: Stop, cease
    Antonyms: Continue, proceed
    Example Sentence: Both nations agreed to halt military actions.

24. flooded
    Type: Verb (past tense)
    Meaning: Overwhelmed with a large amount.
    Tamil Meaning: வழிந்தோடியது
    Malayalam Meaning: വെള്ളപ്പൊക്കം
    Kannada Meaning: ಪ್ರವಾಹ
    Synonyms: Overloaded, inundated
    Antonyms: Drained, emptied
    Example Sentence: His social media account was flooded with abusive comments.

25. abusive
    Type: Adjective
    Meaning: Extremely offensive or harmful.
    Tamil Meaning: தவறான
    Malayalam Meaning: ദുരുപയോഗം
    Kannada Meaning: ನಿಂದನಾತ್ಮಕ
    Synonyms: Insulting, offensive
    Antonyms: Respectful, polite
    Example Sentence: The abusive comments targeted even the diplomat's family.

26. spare
    Type: Verb
    Meaning: To refrain from harming or affecting.
    Tamil Meaning: விட்டுவிடு
    Malayalam Meaning: ഒഴിവാക്കുക
    Kannada Meaning: ಬಿಡಿ
    Synonyms: Exempt, refrain
    Antonyms: Target, include
    Example Sentence: The trolls did not spare even his daughter.

27. diplomats
    Type: Noun
    Meaning: Officials representing a country abroad.
    Tamil Meaning: தூதர்கள்
    Malayalam Meaning: ദൗത്യപ്രതിനിധികൾ
    Kannada Meaning: ರಾಯಭಾರಿಗಳು
    Synonyms: Envoys, ambassadors
    Antonyms: Civilians, non-officials
    Example Sentence: Diplomats condemned the online harassment.

28. condemned
    Type: Verb (past tense)
    Meaning: Expressed strong disapproval.
    Tamil Meaning: கண்டித்தது
    Malayalam Meaning: നിരാകരിച്ചു
    Kannada Meaning: ಖಂಡಿಸಿದರು
    Synonyms: Criticized, denounced
    Antonyms: Praised, supported
    Example Sentence: Leaders condemned the toxic trolling in strong terms.

29. toxic
    Type: Adjective
    Meaning: Harmful or poisonous in nature.
    Tamil Meaning: நச்சுத்தன்மையுள்ள
    Malayalam Meaning: വിഷാംശം
    Kannada Meaning: ವಿಷ
    Synonyms: Harmful, venomous
    Antonyms: Healthy, benign
    Example Sentence: The toxic culture of online harassment must end.

30. uncertain
    Type: Adjective
    Meaning: Not definite or predictable.
    Tamil Meaning: உறுதியற்ற
    Malayalam Meaning: അനിശ്ചിത
    Kannada Meaning: ಅನಿಶ್ಚಿತ
    Synonyms: Doubtful, unclear
    Antonyms: Certain, definite
    Example Sentence: The government's response was criticized in no uncertain terms.

31. conveying
    Type: Verb (present participle)
    Meaning: Communicating or transmitting.
    Tamil Meaning: தெரிவித்தல்
    Malayalam Meaning: അറിയിക്കുന്നു
    Kannada Meaning: ತಿಳಿಸುವುದು
    Synonyms: Communicating, expressing
    Antonyms: Concealing, hiding
    Example Sentence: The Foreign Secretary was conveying a decision taken by the leadership.

32. slammed
    Type: Verb (past tense)
    Meaning: Criticized harshly.
    Tamil Meaning: கடுமையாக விமர்சித்தது
    Malayalam Meaning: വിമർശിച്ചു
    Kannada Meaning: ಟೀಕಿಸಿದರು
    Synonyms: Criticized, denounced
    Antonyms: Praised, applauded
    Example Sentence: The ministry slammed Pakistan for its disinformation campaign.

33. unleashing
    Type: Verb (present participle)
    Meaning: Releasing or causing something to happen.
    Tamil Meaning: வெளியிடுதல்
    Malayalam Meaning: വിട്ടയച്ചു
    Kannada Meaning: ಬಿಡುಗಡೆ ಮಾಡುವುದು
    Synonyms: Releasing, triggering
    Antonyms: Restraining, containing
    Example Sentence: Pakistan was accused of unleashing a disinformation offensive.

34. full-blown
    Type: Adjective
    Meaning: Fully developed or intense.
    Tamil Meaning: முழுமையான
    Malayalam Meaning: പൂർണ്ണമായ
    Kannada Meaning: ಪೂರ್ಣ ಪ್ರಮಾಣದ
    Synonyms: Full-scale, complete
    Antonyms: Partial, limited
    Example Sentence: The full-blown disinformation campaign misled many.

35. disinformation
    Type: Noun
    Meaning: False information spread deliberately.
    Tamil Meaning: தவறான தகவல்
    Malayalam Meaning: വിവരശൂന്യത
    Kannada Meaning: ತಪ್ಪು ಮಾಹಿತಿ
    Synonyms: Misinformation, propaganda
    Antonyms: Truth, facts
    Example Sentence: Disinformation about the conflict worsened tensions.

36. offensive
    Type: Noun
    Meaning: A concerted attack or campaign.
    Tamil Meaning: தாக்குதல்
    Malayalam Meaning: ആക്രമണം
    Kannada Meaning: ಆಕ್ರಮಣ
    Synonyms: Attack, onslaught
    Antonyms: Defense, retreat
    Example Sentence: The social media offensive spread false narratives.

37. ground reality
    Type: Noun (idiom)
    Meaning: The actual situation on the ground.
    Tamil Meaning: நிலை உண்மை
    Malayalam Meaning: യഥാർത്ഥ സാഹചര്യം
    Kannada Meaning: ನೆಲ ವಾಸ್ತವ
    Synonyms: Actual situation, facts
    Antonyms: Illusion, fiction
    Example Sentence: The reports distorted the ground reality of the operation.

38. vicious
    Type: Adjective
    Meaning: Cruel or violent.
    Tamil Meaning: கொடூரமான
    Malayalam Meaning: ക്രൂരമായ
    Kannada Meaning: ಕ್ರೂರ
    Synonyms: Brutal, savage
    Antonyms: Kind, gentle
    Example Sentence: The vicious trolling targeted innocent individuals.

39. doxing
    Type: Noun
    Meaning: Publishing private information maliciously.
    Tamil Meaning: தனிப்பட்ட தகவல்களை வெளியிடுதல்
    Malayalam Meaning: സ്വകാര്യ വിവരങ്ങൾ പ്രസിദ്ധീകരിക്കൽ
    Kannada Meaning: ಖಾಸಗಿ ಮಾಹಿತಿಯನ್ನು ಬಹಿರಂಗಪಡಿಸುವುದು
    Synonyms: Exposure, leaking
    Antonyms: Protection, privacy
    Example Sentence: The doxing of the diplomat's daughter was widely condemned.

40. deliberate
    Type: Adjective
    Meaning: Intentional or done on purpose.
    Tamil Meaning: வேண்டுமென்றே
    Malayalam Meaning: ആവശ്യപ്പെട്ട
    Kannada Meaning: ಉದ್ದೇಶಪೂರ್ವಕ
    Synonyms: Intentional, purposeful
    Antonyms: Accidental, unintentional
    Example Sentence: The deliberate distortion of facts misled the public.

41. distortion
    Type: Noun
    Meaning: Twisting or misrepresenting facts.
    Tamil Meaning: உண்மை திரித்தல்
    Malayalam Meaning: വികൃതി
    Kannada Meaning: ವಿರೂಪಣೆ
    Synonyms: Misrepresentation, falsification
    Antonyms: Accuracy, truth
    Example Sentence: The distortion of news created confusion.

42. participatory
    Type: Adjective
    Meaning: Involving active participation.
    Tamil Meaning: பங்கேற்பு
    Malayalam Meaning: പങ്കാളിത്തം
    Kannada Meaning: ಭಾಗವಹಿಸುವ
    Synonyms: Collaborative, engaging
    Antonyms: Exclusive, passive
    Example Sentence: Social media has made the public sphere more participatory.

43. marginalised
    Type: Adjective
    Meaning: Treated as insignificant or peripheral.
    Tamil Meaning: ஓதுக்கப்பட்ட
    Malayalam Meaning: അതിർത്തിയിലാക്കിയ
    Kannada Meaning: ಅಂಚಿನಲ್ಲಿರುವ
    Synonyms: Excluded, disadvantaged
    Antonyms: Included, privileged
    Example Sentence: Marginalised communities often face targeted harassment online.

44. surveillance
    Type: Noun
    Meaning: Close observation or monitoring.
    Tamil Meaning: கண்காணிப்பு
    Malayalam Meaning: നിരീക്ഷണം
    Kannada Meaning: ನಿಗಾ
    Synonyms: Monitoring, observation
    Antonyms: Neglect, disregard
    Example Sentence: Tech companies must improve surveillance to curb trolling.

45. byword
    Type: Noun
    Meaning: A person or thing regarded as a perfect example.
    Tamil Meaning: முன்மாதிரி
    Malayalam Meaning: മാതൃക
    Kannada Meaning: ನಿದರ್ಶನ
    Synonyms: Epitome, symbol
    Antonyms: Anomaly, exception
    Example Sentence: Surveillance has become a byword for tech companies.

46. stringent
    Type: Adjective
    Meaning: Strict or severe.
    Tamil Meaning: கடுமையான
    Malayalam Meaning: കർക്കശമായ
    Kannada Meaning: ಕಟ್ಟುನಿಟ್ಟಾದ
    Synonyms: Rigorous, strict
    Antonyms: Lenient, flexible
    Example Sentence: A stringent anti-troll law is needed to protect users.

47. acute
    Type: Adjective
    Meaning: Severe or intense.
    Tamil Meaning: கடுமையான
    Malayalam Meaning: തീവ്രമായ
    Kannada Meaning: ತೀವ್ರ
    Synonyms: Severe, intense
    Antonyms: Mild, moderate
    Example Sentence: Online harassment can cause acute mental distress.

48. rolled out
    Type: Phrasal verb
    Meaning: Introduced or implemented.
    Tamil Meaning: அறிமுகப்படுத்தப்பட்டது
    Malayalam Meaning: പ്രവർത്തനക്ഷമമാക്കി
    Kannada Meaning: ಜಾರಿಗೆ ತಂದರು
    Synonyms: Launched, introduced
    Antonyms: Withdrawn, halted
    Example Sentence: The DPDP Rules will be rolled out this year.

49. cyberbullying
    Type: Noun
    Meaning: Harassment using digital means.
    Tamil Meaning: இணைய துன்புறுத்தல்
    Malayalam Meaning: സൈബർ ബുല്ലിംഗ്
    Kannada Meaning: ಸೈಬರ್ ಬೈಲಿಂಗ್
    Synonyms: Online harassment, trolling
    Antonyms: Support, kindness
    Example Sentence: Cyberbullying laws must be strengthened to protect victims.

50. proactive
    Type: Adjective
    Meaning: Taking initiative or acting in advance.
    Tamil Meaning: முன்னெச்சரிக்கை
    Malayalam Meaning: പ്രാക്ടീവ്
    Kannada Meaning: ಸಕ್ರಿಯ
    Synonyms: Initiative, anticipatory
    Antonyms: Reactive, passive
    Example Sentence: Courts have been proactive in removing offensive content.

51. mandating
    Type: Verb (present participle)
    Meaning: Officially requiring or ordering.
    Tamil Meaning: கட்டாயப்படுத்துதல்
    Malayalam Meaning: നിർബന്ധിതമാക്കൽ
    Kannada Meaning: ಜಾರಿಗೊಳಿಸುವುದು
    Synonyms: Requiring, enforcing
    Antonyms: Repealing, revoking
    Example Sentence: The court is mandating disclosure of troll account details.

52. disclosure
    Type: Noun
    Meaning: The act of revealing information.
    Tamil Meaning: வெளிப்படுத்துதல்
    Malayalam Meaning: വെളിപ്പെടുത്തൽ
    Kannada Meaning: ಬಹಿರಂಗಪಡಿಸುವಿಕೆ
    Synonyms: Revelation, exposure
    Antonyms: Concealment, secrecy
    Example Sentence: Disclosure of subscriber information can help track trolls.

53. misinformation
    Type: Noun
    Meaning: False or inaccurate information.
    Tamil Meaning: தவறான தகவல்
    Malayalam Meaning: തെറ്റായ വിവരം
    Kannada Meaning: ತಪ್ಪು ಮಾಹಿತಿ
    Synonyms: Falsehood, deception
    Antonyms: Truth, facts
    Example Sentence: Combating misinformation is crucial for a healthy democracy.

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With today’s THE HINDU Editorial from May 13, 2025, you've learned 55+ powerful vocabulary words. Consistent practice like these builds not just your word bank but also sharpens your comprehension and expression for exams and real-world communication. Keep reading, keep learning! 💪📖

The Hindu Editorial – May , 2025

Aspirants can find the other – THE HINDU EDITORIAL – Vocabulary words from the below given table.

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