The Hindu Editorial Analysis – 26 June 2025

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Qualified cheer

Shukla’s paid flight to ISS will provide insight on human space flight

At noon on June 25 (IST), India’s Shubhamshu Shukla lifted off with three other astronauts from NASA’s Florida spaceport to the International Space Station (ISS) as part of the Axiom-4 commercial mission. This is the first time an Indian has gone to orbital space since Rakesh Sharma in 1984. If the Dragon crew capsule docks successfully with the ISS on June 26, Mr. Shukla will also become the first Indian onboard the ISS. Over the next two weeks, he and the ISS crew will perform a suite of experiments carried by the Axiom-4 mission, including eight from the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). Mr. Shukla is among the leading candidates to fly in India’s maiden human space flight mission, Gaganyaan, currently slated for 2027. For now, the Department of Space has not articulated the reasons for spending ₹548 crore to buy Mr. Shukla’s seat on Axiom-4. Against the backdrop of the ₹20,200-crore budget for Gaganyaan, Mr. Shukla’s paid flight to the ISS, packaged along with advanced training for him and back-up crewmate Prasanth Nair, will give India considerable insight into human space flight and how it is coordinated ahead of mounting its own astronaut expeditions, regardless of the money spent. However, this does not spare the Department of Space and ISRO from communicating the rationale and extent of these benefits, which has yet to happen. Space flight has changed considerably between Mr. Sharma’s and Mr. Shukla’s flights: the stakes today are multidimensional and more demanding. Axiom is a private entity contracted with NASA and SpaceX, and which sells seats to commercial missions to the ISS. But uncertainties linger over NASA’s future access to the Dragon crew capsules following Elon Musk’s spat with U.S. President Donald Trump. The effects of Mr. Trump’s tariffs and his willingness to honour predecessor Joe Biden’s commitments to India, given the major budget cuts he has proposed for 2026, are also unclear. And the ISS is set to be decommissioned by 2030. In this world, the future of India’s own space programme is caught between multiple futures. NASA and private U.S. companies, including Blue Origin, have said they would like to use Gaganyaan technologies in future missions as part of strengthening U.S.-India ties in the space sector. But even as the country balances commercial with public sector needs, it needs to remain a relevant provider of space flight services. The Indian government has signalled that it is willing to take positive steps to bolster the private sector but which, thus far, have been inadequate. Thus, once Mr. Shukla returns, ISRO’s to-do list will move to the next big challenge even as public expectations of it, including transparent communication, will soar.

Cause and effect

Governments must uphold human rights in citizenship cases

Concerns surrounding citizenship faced by sections of society in India’s border States have come to the fore again with courts stepping in to provide temporary relief to harassed individuals. The issues arising from these cases are far from settled. On June 24, the Supreme Court of India stayed the deportation of Jaynab Bibi who was labelled a “foreigner”, first by the Foreigners’ Tribunal in Assam, and then by the Gauhati High Court. Despite hailing from a family whose members have lived in Assam for generations, and furnishing all documents, she has had to run from pillar to post to prove that she is an Indian citizen. A Bench of Justices K.V. Viswanathan and N. Kotiswar Singh ordered the Union government not to take any coercive steps against Ms. Bibi, till the next hearing in August. In the case of Rakshanda Rashid, the High Court of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh ordered the Union Home Secretary to repatriate the 63-year-old housewife to India. She was deported to Pakistan following the crackdown against Pakistani nationals after the Pahalgam terror attack in April. Ms. Rashid, a Pakistani national, had been staying in Jammu for the past 38 years with her husband and two children, and had a long-term visa. Her application for citizenship in 1996 is yet to be processed.

In his order, High Court judge Rahul Bharti said human rights are the most sacrosanct component of a human life and that there are times when a court has to respond “SOS like” without going into the merits and demerits of a case, which can be decided on in due course of time. The lawyers for Ms. Bibi referred to Md. Rahim Ali @ Abdur Rahim vs The State Of Assam in 2024 in which the Supreme Court touched on the manner in which people in Assam were being randomly suspected as foreigners without any cogent evidence. “...(I)t is well settled that suspicion, however high it may be, can under no circumstances, be held to be a substitute for legal evidence,” it said, laying down the due process to be followed when an individual is declared a foreigner. The Citizenship (Amendment) Act of 2019, by offering citizenship to six non-Muslim communities in Afghanistan, Pakistan and Bangladesh, adopted a narrow and arbitrary view of “religious persecution”. The innate violence in the rhetoric of senior Bharatiya Janata Party Chief Ministers such as Yogi Adityanath and Himanta Biswa Sarma against minorities has heightened the anxiety felt by the marginalised, poor, sometimes undocumented, communities. Governments must uphold human rights and dignity of the individual, as provided for under the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and not have to be nudged by courts.

Editorial Vocabulary

1. Spaceport

Type: (Part of speech: Noun)

Meaning: A facility for launching spacecraft, similar to an airport for airplanes

Tamil Meaning: விண்வெளி துறைமுகம்

Malayalam Meaning: ബഹിരാകാശ തുറമുഖം

Kannada Meaning: ಬಾಹ್ಯಾಕಾಶ ಬಂದರು

Synonyms: Launch facility, rocket launch site, space center, launch pad

Antonyms: Landing site, ground facility

Example Sentence: The new spaceport in Florida will enable more frequent commercial space missions.

2. Orbital

Type: (Part of speech: Adjective)

Meaning: Relating to the path of a celestial body or spacecraft around another body

Tamil Meaning: சுற்றுப்பாதை

Malayalam Meaning: ഭ്രമണപഥം

Kannada Meaning: ಕಕ್ಷೆಯ

Synonyms: Circling, revolving, planetary, celestial

Antonyms: Linear, straight-line, terrestrial

Example Sentence: The satellite achieved orbital velocity after a successful launch.

3. Docks

Type: (Part of speech: Verb)

Meaning: To connect or attach a spacecraft to a space station or another spacecraft

Tamil Meaning: இணைக்கிறது

Malayalam Meaning: കൂട്ടിച്ചേർക്കുന്നു

Kannada Meaning: ಸೇರಿಸುತ್ತದೆ

Synonyms: Connects, attaches, links, couples

Antonyms: Separates, detaches, disconnects, undocks

Example Sentence: The crew capsule will dock with the International Space Station tomorrow.

4. Onboard

Type: (Part of speech: Adjective/Adverb)

Meaning: On or in a ship, aircraft or spacecraft

Tamil Meaning: கப்பலில்/ தளத்தில் உள்ளே

Malayalam Meaning: കപ്പലിൽ

Kannada Meaning: ಹಡಗಿನಲ್ಲಿ

Synonyms: Aboard, on, inside, within

Antonyms: Ashore, off, outside, disembarked

Example Sentence: The astronaut became the first Indian onboard the space station.

5. Suite

Type: (Part of speech: Noun)

Meaning: A set or series of related things, especially a collection of programs or experiments

Tamil Meaning: தொகுப்பு

Malayalam Meaning: കൂട്ടം

Kannada Meaning: ಸೆಟ್

Synonyms: Collection, set, series, group, array

Antonyms: Individual item, single unit

Example Sentence: The mission will conduct a suite of scientific experiments in microgravity.

6. Slated

Type: (Part of speech: Verb (Past participle))

Meaning: Scheduled or planned for a particular time or purpose

Tamil Meaning: திட்டமிடப்பட்ட

Malayalam Meaning: ആസൂത്രണം ചെയ്ത

Kannada Meaning: ಯೋಜಿಸಲಾದ

Synonyms: Scheduled, planned, arranged, intended, designated

Antonyms: Unplanned, cancelled, postponed, unscheduled

Example Sentence: The human space flight mission is slated for launch in 2027.

7. Articulated

Type: (Part of speech: Verb (Past participle))

Meaning: Expressed or stated clearly and effectively

Tamil Meaning: தெளிவாக கூறப்பட்ட

Malayalam Meaning: വ്യക്തമായി പറഞ്ഞ

Kannada Meaning: ಸ್ಪಷ್ಟವಾಗಿ ಹೇಳಿದ

Synonyms: Expressed, stated, communicated, conveyed, explained

Antonyms: Concealed, suppressed, withheld, obscured

Example Sentence: The Mission Control has not articulated the reasons for this expensive space mission.

8. Backdrop

Type: (Part of speech: Noun)

Meaning: The setting or circumstances forming a background to an event or situation

Tamil Meaning: பின்னணி

Malayalam Meaning: പശ്ചാത്തലം

Kannada Meaning: ಹಿನ್ನೆಲೆ

Synonyms: Background, context, setting, circumstances, environment

Antonyms: Foreground, focus, center stage

Example Sentence: Against the backdrop of budget constraints, the mission represents a significant investment.

9. Crewmate

Type: (Part of speech: Noun)

Meaning: A fellow member of a crew, especially in aerospace or maritime contexts

Tamil Meaning: குழு உறுப்பினர்

Malayalam Meaning: സംഘാംഗം

Kannada Meaning: ತಂಡದ ಸದಸ್ಯ

Synonyms: Colleague, teammate, partner, fellow crew member

Antonyms: Rival, opponent, competitor

Example Sentence: The backup crewmate received the same intensive training as the primary astronaut.

10. Insight

Type: (Part of speech: Noun)

Meaning: Deep understanding or knowledge gained through experience or study

Tamil Meaning: நுண்ணறிவு

Malayalam Meaning: ഉൾക്കാഴ്ച

Kannada Meaning: ಒಳನೋಟ

Synonyms: Understanding, perception, awareness, comprehension, wisdom

Antonyms: Ignorance, confusion, misunderstanding, blindness

Example Sentence: The mission will provide valuable insight into human space flight operations.

11. Mounting

Type: (Part of speech: Verb (Present participle))

Meaning: Organising and initiating (a campaign or operation)

Tamil Meaning: ஏற்பாடு செய்தல்

Malayalam Meaning: സംഘടിപ്പിക്കുന്നു

Kannada Meaning: ಆಯೋಜಿಸುವುದು

Synonyms: Organising, launching, initiating, establishing, conducting

Antonyms: Dismantling, abandoning, cancelling, terminating

Example Sentence: Our country is mounting its own ambitious space exploration program.

12. Expeditions

Type: (Part of speech: Noun)

Meaning: Journeys undertaken by groups of people with a particular purpose

Tamil Meaning: பயணங்கள்

Malayalam Meaning: യാത്രകൾ

Kannada Meaning: ಸಂಚಾರಗಳು

Synonyms: Missions, journeys, voyages, trips, ventures

Antonyms: Stays, settlements, permanent residencies

Example Sentence: Future space expeditions will require advanced life support systems.

13. Spare

Type: (Part of speech: Verb)

Meaning: To refrain from harming or punishing; to exempt from

Tamil Meaning: விடுவித்தல்

Malayalam Meaning: ഒഴിവാക്കുന്നു

Kannada Meaning: ಬಿಟ್ಟುಬಿಡುವುದು

Synonyms: Exempt, excuse, release, free, absolve

Antonyms: Punish, penalize, condemn, prosecute

Example Sentence: Success does not spare the organisation from explaining its decisions to the public.

14. Rationale

Type: (Part of speech: Noun)

Meaning: The underlying reason or logical basis for a course of action

Tamil Meaning: நியாயம்

Malayalam Meaning: യുക്തി

Kannada Meaning: ತರ್ಕ

Synonyms: Reasoning, justification, logic, basis, explanation

Antonyms: Irrationality, illogic, unreasonableness

Example Sentence: The department must provide a clear rationale for spending such a large amount.

15. Stakes

Type: (Part of speech: Noun)

Meaning: The level of risk or potential consequences involved in a situation

Tamil Meaning: பங்கு

Malayalam Meaning: വിഹിതം

Kannada Meaning: ಸಾಲುಗಳು

Synonyms: Risks, consequences, implications, interests, investment

Antonyms: Safety, security, certainty

Example Sentence: The stakes in modern space exploration are much higher than in previous decades.

16. Multidimensional

Type: (Part of speech: Adjective)

Meaning: Having several different aspects, features, or dimensions

Tamil Meaning: பல பரிமாண

Malayalam Meaning: ബഹുമാന

Kannada Meaning: ಬಹುಆಯಾಮದ

Synonyms: Complex, multifaceted, varied, diverse, comprehensive

Antonyms: Simple, one-dimensional, narrow, limited

Example Sentence: Space policy today involves multidimensional considerations including technology, politics and economics.

17. Contracted

Type: (Part of speech: Verb (Past participle))

Meaning: Having entered into a formal agreement to provide goods or services

Tamil Meaning: ஒப்பந்தம் செய்யப்பட்ட

Malayalam Meaning: കരാറിൽ ഏർപ്പെട്ട

Kannada Meaning: ಒಪ್ಪಂದ ಮಾಡಿಕೊಂಡ

Synonyms: Hired, employed, engaged, commissioned, appointed

Antonyms: Dismissed, terminated, released, discharged

Example Sentence: The private company was contracted by NASA to provide launch services.

18. Uncertainties

Type: (Part of speech: Noun)

Meaning: Situations or conditions that are not known or definite

Tamil Meaning: நிச்சயமற்ற தன்மைகள்

Malayalam Meaning: അനിശ്ചിതത്വങ്ങൾ

Kannada Meaning: ಅನಿಶ್ಚಿತತೆಗಳು

Synonyms: Doubts, ambiguities, unknowns, variables, risks

Antonyms: Certainties, guarantees, assurances, clarity

Example Sentence: Political uncertainties affect long-term space program planning.

19. Linger

Type: (Part of speech: Verb)

Meaning: To remain or continue to exist, especially longer than expected

Tamil Meaning: நீடித்திருத்தல்

Malayalam Meaning: നിലനിൽക്കുന്നു

Kannada Meaning: ಉಳಿಯುವುದು

Synonyms: Persist, remain, continue, endure, stay

Antonyms: Disappear, vanish, fade, depart

Example Sentence: Doubts about the project's future continue to linger among stakeholders.

20. Spat

Type: (Part of speech: Noun)

Meaning: A brief quarrel or disagreement

Tamil Meaning: சிறு சண்டை

Malayalam Meaning: ചെറിയ വഴക്ക്

Kannada Meaning: ಸಣ್ಣ ಜಗಳ

Synonyms: Quarrel, dispute, argument, disagreement, conflict

Antonyms: Agreement, harmony, accord, peace

Example Sentence: The business spat between the two leaders affected their collaboration.

21. Tariffs

Type: (Part of speech: Noun)

Meaning: Taxes imposed on imported or exported goods

Tamil Meaning: சுங்கவரி

Malayalam Meaning: തീരുവ

Kannada Meaning: ಸುಂಕ

Synonyms: Duties, taxes, levies, customs, fees

Antonyms: Subsidies, exemptions, rebates

Example Sentence: New tariffs could impact the cost of international space cooperation.

22. Willingness

Type: (Part of speech: Noun)

Meaning: The readiness or eagerness to do something

Tamil Meaning: விருப்பம்

Malayalam Meaning: സന്നദ്ധത

Kannada Meaning: ಇಚ್ಛೆ

Synonyms: Readiness, eagerness, consent, agreement, enthusiasm

Antonyms: Reluctance, unwillingness, resistance, refusal

Example Sentence: The leader’s willingness to honour previous commitments remains unclear.

23. Predecessor

Type: (Part of speech: Noun)

Meaning: A person who held a job or office before the current holder

Tamil Meaning: முன்னோடி

Malayalam Meaning: മുൻഗാമി

Kannada Meaning: ಪೂರ್ವವರ್ತಿ

Synonyms: Forerunner, previous holder, former occupant, antecedent

Antonyms: Successor, follower, replacement

Example Sentence: The new leader may not honour all commitments made by his predecessor.

24. Decommissioned

Type: (Part of speech: Verb (Past participle))

Meaning: To officially remove from active service or operation

Tamil Meaning: பணிநீக்கம் செய்யப்பட்ட

Malayalam Meaning: സേവനത്തിൽ നിന്ന് പിൻവലിച്ച

Kannada Meaning: ಸೇವೆಯಿಂದ ತೆಗೆದುಹಾಕಲಾದ

Synonyms: Retired, withdrawn, dismantled, shut down, closed

Antonyms: Commissioned, activated, launched, initiated

Example Sentence: The Space Station is set to be decommissioned by 2030.

25. Signalled

Type: (Part of speech: Verb (Past tense))

Meaning: To indicate or suggest something through actions or statements

Tamil Meaning: சைகை செய்தது

Malayalam Meaning: സൂചിപ്പിച്ചു

Kannada Meaning: ಸೂಚಿಸಿತು

Synonyms: Indicated, suggested, hinted, communicated, conveyed

Antonyms: Concealed, hidden, suppressed, withheld

Example Sentence: The country has signalled its intention to support private space companies.

26. Bolster

Type: (Part of speech: Verb)

Meaning: To support, strengthen, or reinforce

Tamil Meaning: வலுப்படுத்துதல்

Malayalam Meaning: ശക്തിപ്പെടുത്തുന്നു

Kannada Meaning: ಬಲಪಡಿಸುವುದು

Synonyms: Strengthen, support, reinforce, enhance, boost

Antonyms: Weaken, undermine, diminish, reduce

Example Sentence: New policies will bolster the private space industry's growth.

27. Soar

Type: (Part of speech: Verb)

Meaning: To rise rapidly or increase dramatically

Tamil Meaning: உயர்தல்

Malayalam Meaning: ഉയരുന്നു

Kannada Meaning: ಏರುವುದು

Synonyms: Rise, increase, escalate, climb, surge

Antonyms: Fall, decline, decrease, plummet

Example Sentence: Public expectations of the space program will soar after this successful mission.

28. Harassed

Type: (Part of speech: Verb (Past participle))

Meaning: Subjected to aggressive pressure or intimidation

Tamil Meaning: துன்புறுத்தப்பட்ட

Malayalam Meaning: ഉപദ്രവിക്കപ്പെട്ട

Kannada Meaning: ಕಿರುಕುಳಕ್ಕೊಳಗಾದ

Synonyms: Persecuted, tormented, troubled, bothered, intimidated

Antonyms: Protected, supported, helped, assisted

Example Sentence: Many individuals have been harassed while trying to prove their citizenship.

29. Deportation

Type: (Part of speech: Noun)

Meaning: The forcible removal of a person from a country

Tamil Meaning: நாடுகடத்தல்

Malayalam Meaning: നാടുകടത്തൽ

Kannada Meaning: ದೇಶಭ್ರಷ್ಟ

Synonyms: Expulsion, banishment, removal, exile, eviction

Antonyms: Immigration, admission, acceptance, naturalization

Example Sentence: The Court stayed the deportation order pending further review.

30. Labelled

Type: (Part of speech: Verb (Past participle))

Meaning: Assigned a particular category or description to someone or something

Tamil Meaning: முத்திரை குத்தப்பட்ட

Malayalam Meaning: മുദ്രകുത്തപ്പെട്ട

Kannada Meaning: ಲೇಬಲ್ ಮಾಡಲಾದ

Synonyms: Classified, categorized, designated, marked, identified

Antonyms: Unlabeled, unclassified, anonymous

Example Sentence: She was wrongly labelled as a foreigner despite being born in the country.

31. Hailing

Type: (Part of speech: Verb (Present participle))

Meaning: Coming from or originating in a particular place

Tamil Meaning: பிறந்த

Malayalam Meaning: ജനിച്ച

Kannada Meaning: ಹುಟ್ಟಿದ

Synonyms: Originating, coming from, born in, native of

Antonyms: Departing, leaving, emigrating

Example Sentence: Despite hailing from a family with generations in the district, she faced citizenship challenges.

32. Coercive

Type: (Part of speech: Adjective)

Meaning: Using force or threats to make someone do something

Tamil Meaning: கட்டாய

Malayalam Meaning: നിർബന്ധിത

Kannada Meaning: ಬಲವಂತದ

Synonyms: Forceful, compulsive, threatening, intimidating, oppressive

Antonyms: Voluntary, persuasive, gentle, non-threatening

Example Sentence: The court ordered that no coercive steps be taken against the woman.

33. Repatriate

Type: (Part of speech: Verb)

Meaning: To send someone back to their home country

Tamil Meaning: நாடு திருப்பி அனுப்புதல்

Malayalam Meaning: നാട്ടിലേക്ക് തിരിച്ചയക്കുന്നു

Kannada Meaning: ದೇಶಕ್ಕೆ ಹಿಂದಿರುಗಿಸುವುದು

Synonyms: Return, restore, send back, bring home

Antonyms: Deport, exile, banish, expel

Example Sentence: The court ordered authorities to repatriate the woman to the country.

34. Crackdown

Type: (Part of speech: Noun)

Meaning: Severe or harsh enforcement of rules or laws

Tamil Meaning: கடுமையான நடவடிக்கை

Malayalam Meaning: കഠിന നടപടി

Kannada Meaning: ಕಠಿಣ ಕ್ರಮ

Synonyms: Suppression, clampdown, enforcement, purge, sweep

Antonyms: Leniency, tolerance, relaxation, permissiveness

Example Sentence: The crackdown on illegal residents was intensified after the terror attack.

35. Sacrosanct

Type: (Part of speech: Adjective)

Meaning: Extremely sacred and not to be interfered with

Tamil Meaning: புனிதமான

Malayalam Meaning: പവിത്രമായ

Kannada Meaning: ಪವಿತ್ರವಾದ

Synonyms: Sacred, inviolable, hallowed, holy, untouchable

Antonyms: Profane, violable, ordinary, common

Example Sentence: Human rights are considered sacrosanct in democratic societies.

36. Cogent

Type: (Part of speech: Adjective)

Meaning: Clear, logical, and convincing

Tamil Meaning: தெளிவான

Malayalam Meaning: വ്യക്തമായ

Kannada Meaning: ಸ್ಪಷ್ಟವಾದ

Synonyms: Compelling, convincing, persuasive, logical, sound

Antonyms: Unconvincing, weak, illogical, unclear

Example Sentence: The court noted the lack of cogent evidence against the accused.

37. Suspicion

Type: (Part of speech: Noun)

Meaning: A feeling that someone has done something wrong without proof

Tamil Meaning: சந்தேகம்

Malayalam Meaning: സംശയം

Kannada Meaning: ಅನುಮಾನ

Synonyms: Doubt, mistrust, distrust, wariness, skepticism

Antonyms: Trust, confidence, faith, certainty

Example Sentence: Mere suspicion cannot be a substitute for legal evidence in court.

38. Substitute

Type: (Part of speech: Noun/Verb)

Meaning: A person or thing acting or serving in place of another

Tamil Meaning: மாற்று

Malayalam Meaning: പകരക്കാരൻ

Kannada Meaning: ಬದಲಿ

Synonyms: Replacement, alternative, proxy, stand-in

Antonyms: Original, primary, main, principal

Example Sentence: Suspicion can never be a substitute for concrete evidence.

39. Arbitrary

Type: (Part of speech: Adjective)

Meaning: Based on personal whim rather than reason or system

Tamil Meaning: தன்னிச்சையான

Malayalam Meaning: ഏകപക്ഷീയമായ

Kannada Meaning: ಅನಿಯಂತ್ರಿತ

Synonyms: Random, capricious, unreasonable, subjective, whimsical

Antonyms: Systematic, reasoned, fair, objective, principled

Example Sentence: The new law adopted an arbitrary approach to defining persecution.

40. Persecution

Type: (Part of speech: Noun)

Meaning: Hostile treatment, especially because of race, religion, or political beliefs

Tamil Meaning: துன்புறுத்தல்

Malayalam Meaning: പീഡനം

Kannada Meaning: ಹಿಂಸೆ

Synonyms: Oppression, harassment, discrimination, victimisation, maltreatment

Antonyms: Protection, support, assistance, care

Example Sentence: The law addresses religious persecution but in a narrow manner.

41. Innate

Type: (Part of speech: Adjective)

Meaning: Existing naturally from birth; inherent

Tamil Meaning: இயல்பான

Malayalam Meaning: സ്വാഭാവികമായ

Kannada Meaning: ಸಹಜವಾದ

Synonyms: Natural, inherent, inborn, intrinsic, native

Antonyms: Acquired, learned, external, artificial

Example Sentence: The innate violence in political rhetoric threatens social harmony.

42. Rhetoric

Type: (Part of speech: Noun)

Meaning: Language designed to have a persuasive effect, often exaggerated

Tamil Meaning: பேச்சு நயம்

Malayalam Meaning: വാക്ചാതുര്യം

Kannada Meaning: ವಾಕ್ಚಾತುರ್ಯ

Synonyms: Oratory, eloquence, discourse, language, speech

Antonyms: Plain speech, simplicity, directness

Example Sentence: Political rhetoric should promote unity rather than division.

43. Heightened

Type: (Part of speech: Verb (Past participle))

Meaning: Made more intense or increased

Tamil Meaning: அதிகரிக்கப்பட்ட

Malayalam Meaning: വർദ്ധിപ്പിച്ച

Kannada Meaning: ಹೆಚ್ಚಿಸಲಾದ

Synonyms: Intensified, increased, amplified, elevated, enhanced

Antonyms: Reduced, diminished, lessened, decreased

Example Sentence: Divisive speeches have heightened anxiety among minority communities.

44. Marginalised

Type: (Part of speech: Verb (Past participle))

Meaning: Treated as unimportant or pushed to the edge of society

Tamil Meaning: ஒதுக்கப்பட்ட

Malayalam Meaning: പാർശ്വവത്കരിക്കപ്പെട്ട

Kannada Meaning: ಅಂಚಿಗೆ ತಳ್ಳಲಾದ

Synonyms: Excluded, sidelined, ignored, ostracised, alienated

Antonyms: Included, integrated, empowered, centered

Example Sentence: Marginalised communities face greater challenges in proving citizenship.

45. Nudged

Type: (Part of speech: Verb (Past participle))

Meaning: Gently encouraged or prompted to take action

Tamil Meaning: மெதுவாக தூண்டப்பட்ட

Malayalam Meaning: മൃദുവായി പ്രേരിപ്പിച്ച

Kannada Meaning: ಮೃದುವಾಗಿ ಪ್ರೇರಿಸಲಾದ

Synonyms: Prompted, encouraged, pushed, urged, persuaded

Antonyms: Discouraged, deterred, restrained, prevented

Example Sentence: Governments should not have to be nudged by courts to protect human rights.

Idiom of the Day: 26 June 2025

Be etched on/in someone's memory

Informal

Meaning: to be something that you will continue to remember

Explanation:

If something is etched on/in your memory, you remember it clearly, often because it was very moving, special or traumatic. It means the memory is permanently fixed in your mind.

Example Sentences:

The image of the sunrise over the Himalayas is etched in my memory forever.

That terrible day is etched on her memory and she still talks about it after all these years.