The Hindu Editorial Analysis – 18 June 2025

Learn English Vocabulary – The Hindu EDITORIAL – 18 June 2025

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Easing prices
Inflation is falling, but the unpredictability factor is high now

The inflation data for May show just how much can change in one month. Retail inflation came in at a 75-month low of 2.8% in May, with easing food prices the main reason behind this fall. Wholesale inflation, too, slowed to just 0.4%, the lowest in more than a year. The primary driver here, apart from falling food prices, was a drastic contraction of 12.4% in crude oil and natural gas prices. An oversupply of oil and a slowing global economy had meant that the months leading up to May had seen oil prices fall considerably. With India importing about 80% of its oil requirement, this eventually translated into lower wholesale inflation in the country. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) had, in its monetary policy announcement on June 11, predicted that inflation for the year would come in at an average of 3.7%, down from its forecast of 4% in April. According to some analysts, retail inflation in June could come in as low as 2% — the lower end of the RBI’s comfort band since current factors impact the data with a considerable lag. Overall, the feeling until not too long ago was that inflation would continue to ease. But then Israel attacked Iran, and the monsoon’s progress across the country slowed, both developments that are likely to affect the two key factors, fuel and food, that had, until now, led to the fall in overall inflation.

Oil prices jumped as much as 8% in a single day following Israel’s attack on Iran on June 13. The Hindu had, last week, reported that an escalation of tensions between the two countries and a resultant blockage of the vital Strait of Hormuz could result in a 40%-50% increase in shipping costs for Indian exports and imports, and could impact India’s oil supplies from key sources such as Iraq, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. This is not an unlikely eventuality, either, with Commerce Ministry officials set to hold a meeting this week with trade and shipping sector stakeholders to discuss how the government can ease their distress. Costlier inputs, especially oil, will eventually move the inflation needle back up. The monsoon has picked up pace again, according to India Meteorological Department officials, but it’s still early days. In the past, even though the overall monsoon has been satisfactory, its uneven spatial distribution has left several agricultural areas parched. It is far from certain that food prices will continue their downward trajectory. In its last monetary policy meeting, the RBI shifted its stance to ‘neutral’, indicating that it was as ready to raise interest rates as it was to cut them. This was prescient, as the last few weeks have shown just how nimble monetary policy has to be in these increasingly unpredictable times.

A free hand
Science must be unfettered if it is to be useful

Last week, the government issued a set of orders that scientists have heralded as ‘revolutionary’. A major change is in allowing scientific institutions to bypass the Government e-Marketplace (GEM), a Commerce Ministry initiative that is meant to prioritise made-in-India equipment. GEM norms require all government purchases – from laptops to furniture – to be routed through the GEM-portal, with a mandate to buy from the vendor offering the lowest price. While technocrats in government amplified this bypass as a “landmark” initiative to promote ‘ease of doing research and development,’ the fact is that until GEM-based procurement was made mandatory from 2020, the default option was to allow individual scientific institutions the freedom to make their choices regarding the vendors they procure. Take for example, sodium chloride. Something as common as table salt must be available in infinite supply and it is only proper that laboratories – they require great quantities for its myriad applications in research – source it from the supplier who offers it the cheapest. However, much like the avatars of salt – kosher, flat or sea – are uncommonly unique to the chef, the differences in purity even within common salt are critical to scientific research as well as the manufacture of pharmaceuticals. This translates to some vendors being more reliable and, therefore, more preferred.

A major aspect of scientific research is about being able to reproduce results of experiments described in publications. Often, this requires fidelity to the methods and materials of the original experimenter. Given the challenge of budgets, the inability to source the right material results in experiments being junked halfway, or crimping on experimental ambition, resulting, overall, in a net loss of resources, time and effort. If this is extended to materials more complicated than salt – precision lathes, customised lab-produced diamonds, biological molecules, for example – it is easy to understand the gripe of scientists. It is understandable, and pardonable, when a government experiments with an untested policy and runs into uncharted waters or unknown unknowns. In the case of GEM, it was a known fact that India lacked an industrial base for sophisticated machinery, and it was inevitable that the hammer-head policy that saw all products as cookie-cutter nails would impede scientific research. India’s scientific ministries are unique in that they are led by scientists, instead of the usual norm of having career bureaucrats. This was due to a recognition, dating back to the early years of the republic, that while science and technology can be employed to serve the state, science itself is unfettered and must be specially nurtured to be useful. A free hand is worth more than two fettered arms.

Editorial Vocabulary

1. Easing

Type: (Part of speech: Verb/Adjective)

Meaning: Becoming less intense, severe, or difficult; reducing gradually

Tamil Meaning: குறைதல், தணிதல்

Malayalam Meaning: കുറയുന്നു, ശമിക്കുന്നു

Kannada Meaning: ಕಡಿಮೆಯಾಗುವುದು, ಶಾಂತವಾಗುವುದು

Synonyms: Reducing, decreasing, lessening, moderating, alleviating

Antonyms: Increasing, intensifying, worsening, escalating

Example Sentence: The easing of fuel prices has provided much-needed relief to consumers across the country.

2. Drastic

Type: (Part of speech: Adjective)

Meaning: Extreme effect; severe or far-reaching

Tamil Meaning: கடுமையான, தீவிரமான

Malayalam Meaning: കഠിനമായ, അങ്ങേയറ്റത്തെ

Kannada Meaning: ತೀವ್ರವಾದ, ಕಠಿಣವಾದ

Synonyms: Severe, extreme, radical, harsh, intense

Antonyms: Mild, moderate, gradual, gentle

Example Sentence: The government took drastic measures to control the spread of the pandemic.

3. Contraction

Type: (Part of speech: Noun)

Meaning: The process of becoming smaller; a decrease in size, number or range

Tamil Meaning: சுருக்கம், குறைவு

Malayalam Meaning: ചുരുങ്ങൽ, കുറവ്

Kannada Meaning: ಸಂಕೋಚನ, ಕುಗ್ಗುವಿಕೆ

Synonyms: Reduction, shrinkage, decline, compression

Antonyms: Expansion, growth, increase, enlargement

Example Sentence: The contraction in crude oil prices has helped reduce wholesale inflation significantly.

4. Oversupply

Type: (Part of speech: Noun)

Meaning: An excessive supply of something; more than what is needed or demanded

Tamil Meaning: அதிகவழங்கல், மிகுதியானசப்ளை

Malayalam Meaning: അധികവിതരണം

Kannada Meaning: ಅಧಿಕಪೂರೈಕೆ

Synonyms: Surplus, excess, glut, abundance

Antonyms: Shortage, scarcity, deficit, undersupply

Example Sentence: The oversupply of oil in global markets has kept energy prices relatively low.

5. Forecast

Type: (Part of speech: Noun/Verb)

Meaning: A prediction or estimate of future events, especially weather or economic trends

Tamil Meaning: முன்னறிவிப்பு, கணிப்பு

Malayalam Meaning: പ്രവചനം, മുൻകൂട്ടിപറയൽ

Kannada Meaning: ಮುನ್ಸೂಚನೆ, ಪೂರ್ವಾನುಮಾನ

Synonyms: Prediction, projection, estimate, prognosis

Antonyms: Hindsight, retrospection, actual result

Example Sentence: The RBI revised its inflation forecast downward based on recent economic indicators.

6. Impact

Type: (Part of speech: Noun/Verb)

Meaning: A strong effect or influence; to have a strong effect on something

Tamil Meaning: தாக்கம், பாதிப்பு

Malayalam Meaning: സ്വാധീനം, ആഘാതം

Kannada Meaning: ಪ್ರಭಾವ, ಪರಿಣಾಮ

Synonyms: Effect, influence, consequence, result

Antonyms: Ineffectiveness, insignificance

Example Sentence: Rising oil prices will impact the overall inflation rate in the coming months.

7. Lag

Type: (Part of speech: Noun/Verb)

Meaning: A delay or time interval between cause and effect

Tamil Meaning: தாமதம், பின்தங்குதல்

Malayalam Meaning: കാലതാമസം, പിന്നോട്ടുള്ളനീക്കം

Kannada Meaning: ವಿಳಂಬ, ಹಿಂದುಳಿಕೆ

Synonyms: Delay, interval, gap, postponement

Antonyms: Advance, lead, promptness

Example Sentence: Economic policies often show their impact with a considerable lag in the data.

8. Escalation

Type: (Part of speech: Noun)

Meaning: An increase in intensity or seriousness of a conflict or situation

Tamil Meaning: அதிகரிப்பு, தீவிரமாக்கல்

Malayalam Meaning: വർദ്ധനവ്, രൂക്ഷമാക്കൽ

Kannada Meaning: ಹೆಚ್ಚಳ, ತೀವ್ರಗೊಳಿಸುವಿಕೆ

Synonyms: Intensification, increase, amplification, aggravation

Antonyms: De-escalation, reduction, calming, moderation

Example Sentence: The escalation of tensions in the Middle East has caused oil prices to surge.

9. Blockage

Type: (Part of speech: Noun)

Meaning: An obstruction that prevents movement or flow

Tamil Meaning: தடை, அடைப்பு

Malayalam Meaning: തടസ്സം, അടച്ചുകെട്ടൽ

Kannada Meaning: ತಡೆ, ಮುಚ್ಚುವಿಕೆ

Synonyms: Obstruction, barrier, impediment, closure

Antonyms: Opening, clearance, flow, passage

Example Sentence: A blockage of the Strait of Hormuz would severely affect global oil supplies.

10. Vital

Type: (Part of speech: Adjective)

Meaning: Absolutely necessary or important; essential

Tamil Meaning: இன்றியமையாத, முக்கியமான

Malayalam Meaning: അത്യാവശ്യമായ, പ്രധാനപ്പെട്ട

Kannada Meaning: ಅತ್ಯಗತ್ಯವಾದ, ಪ್ರಮುಖವಾದ

Synonyms: Essential, crucial, critical, indispensable

Antonyms: Unimportant, trivial, unnecessary, optional

Example Sentence: The Strait of Hormuz is a vital shipping route for global oil trade.

11. Eventuality

Type: (Part of speech: Noun)

Meaning: A possible event or outcome; something that might happen

Tamil Meaning: சாத்தியக்கூறு, நிகழ்வு

Malayalam Meaning: സാധ്യത, സംഭവിക്കാവുന്നകാര്യം

Kannada Meaning: ಸಾಧ್ಯತೆ, ಸಂಭವನೀಯತೆ

Synonyms: Possibility, contingency, prospect, likelihood

Antonyms: Certainty, impossibility, actuality

Example Sentence: The government is preparing for the eventuality of higher oil prices due to regional conflicts.

12. Stakeholders

Type: (Part of speech: Noun)

Meaning: People or groups with an interest or concern in something

Tamil Meaning: பங்குதாரர்கள்

Malayalam Meaning: ഓഹരിഉടമകൾ

Kannada Meaning: ಪಾಲುದಾರರು

Synonyms: Participants, parties, investors, partners

Antonyms: Outsiders, non-participants, disinterested parties

Example Sentence: The Commerce Ministry will meet with various stakeholders to discuss shipping challenges.

13. Distress

Type: (Part of speech: Noun)

Meaning: Extreme anxiety, sorrow, or pain; a state of danger or difficulty

Tamil Meaning: துன்பம், கஷ்டம்

Malayalam Meaning: കഷ്ടം, വേദന

Kannada Meaning: ಸಂಕಟ, ತೊಂದರೆ

Synonyms: Suffering, anguish, hardship, trouble

Antonyms: Comfort, relief, ease, contentment

Example Sentence: The government aims to ease the distress faced by exporters due to rising shipping costs.

14. Spatial

Type: (Part of speech: Adjective)

Meaning: Relating to space or the arrangement of things in space

Tamil Meaning: இடவியல், விண்வெளிசார்ந்த

Malayalam Meaning: സ്ഥലീയമായ, സ്ഥാനപരമായ

Kannada Meaning: ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ, ದಿಕ್ಕಿನ

Synonyms: Geographic, locational, positional, dimensional

Antonyms: Temporal, time-based, non-spatial

Example Sentence: The spatial distribution of monsoon rains across India has been uneven this year.

15. Parched

Type: (Part of speech: Adjective)

Meaning: Extremely dry, especially due to heat or lack of water

Tamil Meaning: வறண்ட, காய்ந்த

Malayalam Meaning: വരണ്ട, ഉണങ്ങിയ

Kannada Meaning: ಒಣಗಿದ, ಬರಗಾಲದ

Synonyms: Dry, arid, dehydrated, withered

Antonyms: Wet, moist, hydrated, watered

Example Sentence: Several agricultural areas remain parched despite the overall satisfactory monsoon.

16. Trajectory

Type: (Part of speech: Noun])

Meaning: The path followed by a moving object; a course of development or change

Tamil Meaning: பாதை, போக்கு

Malayalam Meaning: ഗതി, പാത

Kannada Meaning: ಮಾರ್ಗ, ದಿಕ್ಕು

Synonyms: Path, course, direction, trend

Antonyms: Stagnation, randomness, aimlessness

Example Sentence: It's uncertain whether food prices will continue their downward trajectory.

17. Prescient

Type: (Part of speech: Adjective)

Meaning: Having knowledge of events before they happen; showing foresight

Tamil Meaning: முன்னறிவுஉள்ள, தூரநோக்குஉள்ள

Malayalam Meaning: ദീർഘവീക്ഷണമുള്ള, മുൻകൂട്ടിഅറിയുന്ന

Kannada Meaning: ದೂರದೃಷ್ಟಿಯುಳ್ಳ, ಮುಂಗಾಣುವ

Synonyms: Foresighted, prophetic, perceptive, visionary

Antonyms: Short-sighted, unpredictive, naive

Example Sentence: The RBI's decision to shift to a neutral stance proved prescient given recent developments.

18. Nimble

Type: (Part of speech: Adjective)

Meaning: Quick and light in movement or action; able to respond quickly

Tamil Meaning: விரைவான, சுறுசுறுப்பான

Malayalam Meaning: വേഗമേറിയ, ചുറുചുറുക്കുള്ള

Kannada Meaning: ವೇಗವಾದ, ಚುರುಕಾದ

Synonyms: Agile, quick, swift, responsive

Antonyms: Slow, clumsy, sluggish, rigid

Example Sentence: Monetary policy needs to be nimble in these unpredictable economic times.

19. Heralded

Type: (Part of speech: Verb)

Meaning: Acclaimed or praised enthusiastically; announced or signaled

Tamil Meaning: அறிவித்தல், பாராட்டுதல்

Malayalam Meaning: പ്രഖ്യാപിക്കുക, സ്വാഗതംചെയ്യുക

Kannada Meaning: ಘೋಷಿಸುವುದು, ಸ್ವಾಗತಿಸುವುದು

Synonyms: Proclaimed, announced, welcomed, celebrated

Antonyms: Criticized, condemned, ignored

Example Sentence: Scientists have heralded the new research policy as a revolutionary step forward.

20. Bypass

Type: (Part of speech: Verb/Noun)

Meaning: To go around or avoid something; an alternative route

Tamil Meaning: தவிர்த்தல், மாற்றுவழி

Malayalam Meaning: ഒഴിവാക്കുക, മറ്റൊരുവഴി

Kannada Meaning: ತಪ್ಪಿಸುವುದು, ಬೇರೆದಾರಿ

Synonyms: Avoid, circumvent, skip, detour

Antonyms: Confront, face, follow, adhere to

Example Sentence: The new orders allow scientific institutions to bypass the restrictive GEM procurement system.

21. Mandate

Type: (Part of speech: Noun/Verb)

Meaning: An official order or requirement; authority to carry out a policy

Tamil Meaning: ஆணை, கட்டளை

Malayalam Meaning: അധികാരം, ആജ്ഞ

Kannada Meaning: ಆದೇಶ, ಅಧಿಕಾರ

Synonyms: Order, directive, command, authorization

Antonyms: Prohibition, ban, discretion, choice

Example Sentence: GEM norms include a mandate to purchase from the vendor offering the lowest price.

22. Technocrats

Type: (Part of speech: Noun)

Meaning: Officials who make decisions based on technical expertise rather than political considerations

Tamil Meaning: தொழில்நுட்பவல்லுநர்கள்

Malayalam Meaning: സാങ്കേതികവിദഗ്ധർ

Kannada Meaning: ತಂತ್ರಜ್ಞರು

Synonyms: Technical experts, specialists, professionals

Antonyms: Politicians, generalists, amateurs

Example Sentence: Government technocrats have promoted this initiative as a landmark reform.

23. Amplified

Type: (Part of speech: Verb)

Meaning: Made louder, stronger, or more significant; emphasised

Tamil Meaning: பெருக்கப்பட்ட, வலியுறுத்தப்பட்ட

Malayalam Meaning: വലുതാക്കിയ, ഊന്നിപ്പറഞ്ഞ

Kannada Meaning: ವರ್ಧಿಸಿದ, ಒತ್ತುನೀಡಿದ

Synonyms: Emphasised, magnified, highlighted, strengthened

Antonyms: Diminished, reduced, minimised, understated

Example Sentence: Officials amplified the importance of this bypass as a landmark initiative.

24. Procurement

Type: (Part of speech: Noun)

Meaning: The action of obtaining or acquiring something, especially for business purposes

Tamil Meaning: வாங்குதல், பெறுதல்

Malayalam Meaning: സംഭരണം, വാങ്ങൽ

Kannada Meaning: ಸಂಗ್ರಹಣೆ, ಖರೀದಿ

Synonyms: Acquisition, purchasing, obtaining, sourcing

Antonyms: Disposal, selling, distribution

Example Sentence: GEM-based procurement became mandatory for all government institutions in 2020.

25. Myriad

Type: (Part of speech: Adjective/Noun)

Meaning: Countless or extremely great in number; a very large number

Tamil Meaning: எண்ணற்ற, ஏராளமான

Malayalam Meaning: അനേകം, അസംഖ്യം

Kannada Meaning: ಅಸಂಖ್ಯಾತ, ಅನೇಕ

Synonyms: Countless, numerous, infinite, multitudinous

Antonyms: Few, limited, scarce, finite

Example Sentence: Laboratories require salt for myriad applications in scientific research.

26. Fidelity

Type: (Part of speech: Noun)

Meaning: Faithfulness to something; accuracy in reproduction or translation

Tamil Meaning: விசுவாசம், துல்லியம்

Malayalam Meaning: വിശ്വസ്തത, കൃത്യത

Kannada Meaning: ನಿಷ್ಠೆ, ನಿಖರತೆ

Synonyms: Accuracy, faithfulness, precision, loyalty

Antonyms: Infidelity, inaccuracy, betrayal, deviation

Example Sentence: Reproducing scientific results requires fidelity to the original experimental methods.

27. Junked

Type: (Part of speech: Verb)

Meaning: Discarded as useless; abandoned or scrapped

Tamil Meaning: குப்பையில்போடப்பட்ட, கைவிடப்பட்ட

Malayalam Meaning: ഉപേക്ഷിച്ച, വലിച്ചെറിഞ്ഞ

Kannada Meaning: ಬಿಸಾಡಿದ, ತ್ಯಜಿಸಿದ

Synonyms: Discarded, scrapped, abandoned, disposed

Antonyms: Preserved, kept, retained, continued

Example Sentence: Many experiments end up being junked due to inability to source the right materials.

28. Crimping

Type: (Part of speech: Verb)

Meaning: Restricting or limiting; having a restraining effect

Tamil Meaning: கட்டுப்படுத்துதல், தடுத்தல்

Malayalam Meaning: പരിമിതപ്പെടുത്തുക, തടയുക

Kannada Meaning: ನಿರ್ಬಂಧಿಸುವುದು, ತಡೆಯುವುದು

Synonyms: Restricting, limiting, hindering, constraining

Antonyms: Facilitating, enabling, expanding, freeing

Example Sentence: Budget constraints end up crimping experimental ambition in research projects.

29. Gripe

Type: (Part of speech: Noun/Verb)

Meaning: A complaint or grievance; to complain persistently

Tamil Meaning: புகார், குறை

Malayalam Meaning: പരാതി, അസന്തുഷ്ടി

Kannada Meaning: ದೂರು, ಅಸಮಾಧಾನ

Synonyms: Complaint, grievance, objection, criticism

Antonyms: Praise, compliment, satisfaction, approval

Example Sentence: It's easy to understand the gripe of scientists regarding procurement restrictions.

30. Pardonable

Type: (Part of speech: Adjective)

Meaning: Able to be forgiven or excused

Tamil Meaning: மன்னிக்கக்கூடிய

Malayalam Meaning: ക്ഷമിക്കാവുന്ന,

Kannada Meaning: ಕ್ಷಮಿಸಬಹುದಾದ,

Synonyms: Forgivable, excusable, understandable, acceptable

Antonyms: Unforgivable, inexcusable, unpardonable

Example Sentence: It's pardonable when governments experiment with untested policies and face unexpected challenges.

31. Uncharted

Type: (Part of speech: Adjective)

Meaning: Not mapped or surveyed; unknown or unfamiliar

Tamil Meaning: ஆராயப்படாத, அறியப்படாத

Malayalam Meaning: അപരിചിതമായ, മാപ്പിടാത്ത

Kannada Meaning: ಅಜ್ಞಾತ, ಪರಿಚಯವಿಲ್ಲದ

Synonyms: Unknown, unexplored, unfamiliar, unmapped

Antonyms: Charted, known, familiar, explored

Example Sentence: The government ventured into uncharted waters with its new procurement policy.

32. Sophisticated

Type: (Part of speech: Adjective)

Meaning: Complex, advanced, or highly developed

Tamil Meaning: அதிநவீன

Malayalam Meaning: സങ്കീർണ്ണമായ

Kannada Meaning: ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣವಾದ

Synonyms: Advanced, complex, refined, elaborate

Antonyms: Simple, basic, primitive, crude

Example Sentence: India lacks an industrial base for sophisticated scientific machinery.

33. Inevitable

Type: (Part of speech: Adjective)

Meaning: Certain to happen; unavoidable

Tamil Meaning: தவிர்க்கமுடியாத, நிச்சயமான

Malayalam Meaning: അനിവാര്യമായ, ഒഴിവാക്കാനാവാത്ത

Kannada Meaning: ಅನಿವಾರ್ಯವಾದ, ತಪ್ಪಿಸಲಾಗದ

Synonyms: Unavoidable, certain, inescapable, bound to happen

Antonyms: Avoidable, preventable, uncertain, optional

Example Sentence: It was inevitable that the rigid policy would impede scientific research.

34. Hammer-head

Type: (Part of speech: Adjective/Idiom)

Meaning: Blunt, direct or heavy-handed approach; lacking subtlety

Tamil Meaning: கடுமையான, நேரடியான

Malayalam Meaning: കഠിനമായ, നേരിട്ടുള്ള

Kannada Meaning: ಕಠಿಣವಾದ, ನೇರವಾದ

Synonyms: Blunt, direct, heavy-handed, rigid

Antonyms: Subtle, flexible, nuanced, gentle

Example Sentence: The hammer-head policy treated all procurement needs as identical, ignoring scientific requirements.

35. Impede

Type: (Part of speech: Verb)

Meaning: To hinder or obstruct the progress of something

Tamil Meaning: தடுத்தல், குறுக்கிடுதல்

Malayalam Meaning: തടസ്സപ്പെടുത്തുക, തടയുക

Kannada Meaning: ತಡೆಯುವುದು, ಅಡ್ಡಿಪಡಿಸುವುದು

Synonyms: Hinder, obstruct, block, hamper

Antonyms: Facilitate, assist, help, promote

Example Sentence: Rigid procurement policies can impede the progress of scientific research.

36. Bureaucrats

Type: (Part of speech: Noun)

Meaning: Officials in government departments, especially those following rigid procedures

Tamil Meaning: அதிகாரிகள், அலுவலகஅதிகாரிகள்

Malayalam Meaning: ബ്യൂറോക്രാറ്റുകൾ, ഉദ്യോഗസ്ഥർ

Kannada Meaning: ಅಧಿಕಾರಿಗಳು, ಕಚೇರಿಅಧಿಕಾರಿಗಳು

Synonyms: Officials, administrators, civil servants

Antonyms: Politicians, civilians, private sector workers

Example Sentence: India's scientific ministries are uniquely led by scientists rather than career bureaucrats.

37. Unfettered

Type: (Part of speech: Adjective)

Meaning: Not confined or restricted; free from constraints

Tamil Meaning: கட்டுப்பாடற்ற, சுதந்திரமான

Malayalam Meaning: നിയന്ത്രണമില്ലാത്ത, സ്വതന്ത്രമായ

Kannada Meaning: ನಿರ್ಬಂಧವಿಲ್ಲದ, ಮುಕ್ತವಾದ

Synonyms: Free, unrestricted, unrestrained, liberated

Antonyms: Fettered, restricted, constrained, limited

Example Sentence: Science itself must remain unfettered to be truly useful to society.

38. Nurtured

Type: (Part of speech: Verb)

Meaning: Cared for and encouraged growth or development; fostered

Tamil Meaning: வளர்க்கப்பட்ட, பராமரிக்கப்பட்ட

Malayalam Meaning: പോഷിപ്പിച്ച, വളർത്തിയ

Kannada Meaning: ಪೋಷಿಸಿದ, ಬೆಳೆಸಿದ

Synonyms: Fostered, cultivated, developed, encouraged

Antonyms: Neglected, abandoned, stifled, discouraged

Example Sentence: Science must be specially nurtured and given freedom to flourish.

39. Fettered

Type: (Part of speech: Adjective)

Meaning: Restricted or constrained; bound by chains or limitations

Tamil Meaning: கட்டுப்படுத்தப்பட்ட, சங்கிலியிடப்பட்ட

Malayalam Meaning: ബന്ധിക്കപ്പെട്ട, നിയന്ത്രിക്കപ്പെട്ട

Kannada Meaning: ಬಂಧಿಸಲ್ಪಟ್ಟ, ನಿರ್ಬಂಧಿಸಲ್ಪಟ್ಟ

Synonyms: Bound, restricted, constrained, limited

Antonyms: Free, unfettered, liberated, unrestricted

Example Sentence: A free hand in scientific research is worth more than two fettered arms bound by bureaucratic restrictions.

40. Vendor

Type: (Part of speech: Noun)

Meaning: A person or company that sells goods or services; a supplier

Tamil Meaning: விற்பனையாளர், வியாபாரி

Malayalam Meaning: വിൽപ്പനക്കാരൻ, കച്ചവടക്കാരൻ

Kannada Meaning: ಮಾರಾಟಗಾರ, ಪೂರೈಕೆದಾರ

Synonyms: Seller, supplier, dealer, merchant, retailer, trader

Antonyms: Buyer, purchaser, customer, consumer, client

Example Sentence: The government requires all procurement to be made from the vendor offering the lowest price through the GEM portal.

With today’s The Hindu Editorial from 18 June 2025, you've learned 40+ powerful English vocabulary words. Consistent practice like these builds not just your word bank but also sharpens your comprehension and expression for competitive exams and real-world communication.

Keep reading, keep learning! 💪📖

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