The Hindu Editorial – 14 June 2025

Crash and burn
India’s aviation sector needs to address safety concerns

The first hull loss of the ‘Dreamliner’, one of aviation’s most advanced twin-aisle aircraft, is one that is unsettling, more so when there have been recent examples of survivability in modern widebody jets. The tragic end to Air India flight AI171, on June 12 — there was one surviving passenger — just minutes after its liftoff from Ahmedabad for London Gatwick, and it touched a recorded barometric altitude of 625 feet, will be under much global scrutiny. That the crew were faced with a sudden and sharp turn of events on the 11-plus-year-old Boeing 787-8, a plane with ample avionics redundancy, and reliable twin engines — the GEnx-1B67, rated at 67,000 lbs of thrust each — has led to much speculation about the cause. Experts have suggested reasons such as issues with load planning, ambient air temperature and engine performance, wing surface settings, and even a bird hit. Inducted by Air India during its government-owned days, as part of a 68-aircraft deal signed with Boeing in 2006, the subfleet of 787-8s has played a role in its medium to long-haul network expansion to Europe, the Far East and Australia. The plane’s global safety record has been strong in general, but it has also been an aircraft type that has raised some concerns. These have included assembly-line quality control, ‘whistle-blower’ statements, engine icing problems that resulted in a safety directive, a lithium aerospace battery-related electrical system issue that led to extensive world-wide groundings, an emergency locator transmitter battery fire that caused heat damage, and, in 2024, an in-flight upset that was linked to a feature in the flight deck crew seat.

All eyes will be on how the airline’s new owner, Tata Sons (with a 25.1% shareholding by Singapore Airlines Limited), steers its operations and addresses safety concerns after an ‘unprecedented’ four-airline merger. The group is in the middle of executing Vihaan.AI, the airline’s ‘transformational roadmap over five years’, with the appointment of a ‘head of group safety, security and quality’ integral to this. In parallel, the airline has also faced scrutiny by India’s civil aviation regulatory body, the Directorate General of Civil Aviation. With a formal investigation, that includes international participation, having been initiated, in keeping with aviation protocols, the complexities that a first-time 787 crash analysis could throw up should be ironed out. At the 81st International Air Transport Association annual general meeting and World Air Transport Summit in New Delhi last week, India was recognised to be one of the largest aviation markets. However, its rapidly expanding aviation sector needs to address the challenges, which include safety, on the ground and in the air.

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Rogue nation
Israel has pushed West Asia into a security abyss

Israel’s strikes on Iran’s nuclear facilities, at a time when Washington and Tehran were in talks, are brazenly illegal, reckless and dangerous. If there was any possibility of resolving the nuclear issue through dialogue, Israel has practically killed it. That Donald Trump, despite his repeated warnings, failed to stop America’s closest ally from launching the attacks – threatening his own diplomatic push – suggests that the U.S. President was either not serious about his words or had limited influence. Israel’s overnight attack targeted the Natanz nuclear enrichment facility, ballistic missile factories and the residences of Iran’s top nuclear scientists and military chain of command. In retaliation, Iran launched a drone attack, with most shot down. Supreme Leader Ayatollah Khamenei has promised a harsh response. If Iran launches ballistic missiles, which seems likely, Israel would carry out more attacks, as Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has indicated. So what possibly awaits West Asia are prolonged attacks and counter-attacks, with potential regional spillover effects.

There are legitimate concerns about Iran’s nuclear programme. It has enriched uranium to 60% purity, way above the grade for civilian purposes. Israel says Iran was making attempts to build a bomb in secret. While the IAEA says Iran has enough highly enriched uranium to make bombs, there is no conclusive evidence to suggest that Iran has moved in this direction. Tehran once agreed to scuttle its nuclear programme in return for the lifting of sanctions as part of the multilateral agreement in 2015, but it was Mr. Trump who sabotaged the agreement. And when Mr. Trump, in his second term, offered dialogue, the Iranians seized it. But what Iran got instead was an attack on its nuclear plants. Israel did this as it knew it could get away with any form of aggression, thanks to the U.S.’s military, political and diplomatic support. Israel has behaved like a rogue nation ever since the October 7 attack by Hamas. It is facing allegations of committing genocide after its destruction in Gaza that has killed over 54,000 Palestinians. It routinely bombs Lebanon despite a ceasefire with Hezbollah. It has carved up more territories in Syria after the collapse of the Assad regime. And now, by attacking Iran, Tel Aviv has pushed West Asia into a deeper security abyss. Israel’s unchecked militarism is closing the space for diplomacy in a tumultuous region. If the conflict spills over into the Gulf waters and kingdoms, it would be catastrophic for the global economy, especially for India whose millions of citizens work and live in the region. There must be an immediate, coordinated international effort to rein in the Jewish state and reboot diplomacy to restore stability in West Asia.

The Hindu Editorial Vocabulary - Learn Vocabulary

1. HULL

Part of Speech: Noun
Meaning: The main body or frame of a ship, aircraft, or other vehicle
Tamil: கப்பல் உடல் (kappal udal)
Malayalam: കപ്പലിന്റെ ശരീരം (kappalinte shareeram)
Kannada: ಹಡಗಿನ ದೇಹ (hadagina deha)
Synonyms: Body, frame, shell, structure, fuselage
Antonyms: Interior, contents, cargo
Example: The aircraft's hull was severely damaged in the crash, making it a total loss.

2. AVIATION

Part of Speech: Noun
Meaning: The operation and navigation of aircraft
Tamil: விமானப் போக்குவரத்து (vimana pokkuvarattu)
Malayalam: വിമാന യാത്ര (vimana yatra)
Kannada: ವಿಮಾನ ಸಂಚಾರ (vimana sanchara)
Synonyms: Flying, aeronautics, flight, aircraft operation
Antonyms: Ground transport, maritime transport
Example: The aviation industry has grown rapidly in India over the past decade.

3. UNSETTLING

Part of Speech: Adjective
Meaning: Causing anxiety or uneasiness; disturbing
Tamil: கவலையூட்டும் (kavalai uttum)
Malayalam: അസ്വസ്ഥമാക്കുന്ന (asvastha maakkunna)
Kannada: ಚಿಂತೆಗೆಡಿಸುವ (chintegedisva)
Synonyms: Disturbing, troubling, worrying, alarming, disconcerting
Antonyms: Reassuring, comforting, calming, settling
Example: The unsettling news about the plane crash spread quickly across social media.

4. SURVIVABILITY

Part of Speech: Noun
Meaning: The ability to remain alive or continue to exist, especially in dangerous conditions
Tamil: உயிர்வாழும் திறன் (uyirvazhum thiran)
Malayalam: അതിജീവന ശേഷി (athijeevana sheshi)
Kannada: ಬದುಕುಳಿಯುವ ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯ (badukuḷiyuva samarthya)
Synonyms: Endurance, resilience, durability, viability
Antonyms: Vulnerability, fragility, mortality
Example: Modern aircraft are designed with enhanced survivability features to protect passengers during emergencies.

5. LIFTOFF

Part of Speech: Noun
Meaning: The moment when an aircraft or rocket leaves the ground and begins to fly
Tamil: புறப்பாடு (purappadu)
Malayalam: പറന്നുയരൽ (parannuyaral)
Kannada: ಹಾರಿಹೋಗುವಿಕೆ (harihoguvike)
Synonyms: Takeoff, departure, launch, ascent
Antonyms: Landing, touchdown, descent
Example: The aircraft experienced technical difficulties just moments after liftoff from the runway.

6. BAROMETRIC

Part of Speech: Adjective
Meaning: Relating to atmospheric pressure as measured by a barometer
Tamil: காற்றழுத்த அளவீட்டு (kaatrazhutha alavittu)
Malayalam: വായു മർദ്ദം അളക്കുന്ന (vayu marddam alakkunna)
Kannada: ವಾಯುಮಂಡಲದ ಒತ್ತಡದ (vayumandala ottadada)
Synonyms: Atmospheric, pressure-related, meteorological
Antonyms: Non-atmospheric, surface-level
Example: The pilot monitored the barometric altitude readings throughout the flight.

7. SCRUTINY

Part of Speech: Noun
Meaning: Critical observation or examination; close and detailed investigation
Tamil: நுணுக்க ஆய்வு (nunukka ayvu)
Malayalam: സൂക്ഷ്മ പരിശോധന (sookshma parishodhana)
Kannada: ನಿಕಟ ಪರಿಶೀಲನೆ (nikata parisheelane)
Synonyms: Examination, inspection, analysis, investigation, review
Antonyms: Neglect, oversight, ignorance, superficial glance
Example: The aviation accident will face intense scrutiny from international safety experts.

8. AVIONICS

Part of Speech: Noun
Meaning: Electronic systems used in aircraft, artificial satellites, and spacecraft
Tamil: விமான மின்னணு அமைப்புகள் (vimana minnanu amaippugal)
Malayalam: വിമാന ഇലക്ട്രോണിക്സ് (vimana electronics)
Kannada: ವಿಮಾನ ಎಲೆಕ್ಟ್ರಾನಿಕ್ಸ್ (vimana electronics)
Synonyms: Aircraft electronics, flight systems, navigation systems
Antonyms: Mechanical systems, analog instruments
Example: Modern aircraft rely heavily on sophisticated avionics for safe navigation and operation.

9. REDUNDANCY

Part of Speech: Noun
Meaning: The inclusion of extra components or systems to increase reliability and safety
Tamil: கூடுதல் பாதுகாப்பு (kooduthal padhukappu)
Malayalam: അധിക സുരക്ഷ (adhika suraksha)
Kannada: ಹೆಚ್ಚುವರಿ ಸುರಕ್ಷತೆ (hechchuvari surakshate)
Synonyms: Backup, duplication, safety margin, fail-safe
Antonyms: Single point of failure, vulnerability
Example: Aircraft avionics redundancy ensures that critical systems continue to function even if one component fails.

10. SPECULATION

Part of Speech: Noun
Meaning: The forming of a theory or conjecture without firm evidence
Tamil: ஊகம் (ookam)
Malayalam: അനുമാനം (anumanam)
Kannada: ಊಹೆ (oohe)
Synonyms: Conjecture, theory, hypothesis, guesswork, assumption
Antonyms: Fact, certainty, evidence, proof, reality
Example: There has been much speculation about the cause of the aircraft accident before the official investigation concludes.

11. AMBIENT

Part of Speech: Adjective
Meaning: Relating to the immediate surroundings of something; environmental conditions
Tamil: சுற்றுச்சூழல் (suttruzhuzhal)
Malayalam: ചുറ്റുപാടിന്റെ (chuttuppadinte)
Kannada: ಸುತ್ತಮುತ್ತಲ (suttamuttal)
Synonyms: Environmental, surrounding, atmospheric, external
Antonyms: Internal, controlled, artificial
Example: High ambient air temperature can affect aircraft engine performance during takeoff.

12. INDUCTED

Part of Speech: Verb (Past tense)
Meaning: Formally introduced or brought into service
Tamil: சேர்க்கப்பட்ட (serkkappatta)
Malayalam: ഉൾപ്പെടുത്തിയ (ulppeduthiya)
Kannada: ಸೇರಿಸಲಾದ (seerisalada)
Synonyms: Introduced, incorporated, enrolled, admitted, installed
Antonyms: Removed, expelled, withdrawn, retired
Example: The Boeing 787 aircraft were inducted into Air India's fleet as part of a major expansion plan.

13. SUBFLEET

Part of Speech: Noun
Meaning: A smaller group of aircraft within a larger fleet, typically of the same type
Tamil: துணை விமானக் கூட்டம் (thunai vimanak kuttam)
Malayalam: ഉപവിമാന കൂട്ടം (upavimana kuttam)
Kannada: ಉಪ ವಿಮಾನ ಸಮೂಹ (upa vimana samooha)
Synonyms: Aircraft group, fleet division, aircraft category
Antonyms: Entire fleet, whole fleet
Example: The 787-8 subfleet has been crucial for Air India's long-haul international operations.

14. LONG-HAUL

Part of Speech: Adjective/Compound word
Meaning: Relating to transport over long distances, especially flights
Tamil: நீண்ட தூர (neenda thura)
Malayalam: ദീർഘദൂര (deerghadura)
Kannada: ದೀರ್ಘ ದೂರ (deergh door)
Synonyms: Long-distance, intercontinental, extended-range
Antonyms: Short-haul, domestic, regional
Example: Long-haul flights require aircraft with greater fuel capacity and passenger comfort features.

15. CONCERNS

Part of Speech: Noun (Plural)
Meaning: Matters that cause worry or anxiety; issues requiring attention
Tamil: கவலைகள் (kavaigal)
Malayalam: ആശങ്കകൾ (aashankakkal)
Kannada: ಚಿಂತೆಗಳು (chintegalu)
Synonyms: Worries, issues, problems, anxieties, troubles
Antonyms: Reassurances, comforts, solutions, reliefs
Example: Safety concerns about the aircraft type led to additional inspections and maintenance procedures.

16. WHISTLE-BLOWER

Part of Speech: Noun/Compound word
Meaning: A person who exposes wrongdoing or problems within an organization
Tamil: குறைகளை வெளிப்படுத்துபவர் (kuraigalai velippaduthubavar)
Malayalam: തെറ്റുകൾ വെളിപ്പെടുത്തുന്നവർ (thettukkal velippaduthunnavar)
Kannada: ತಪ್ಪುಗಳನ್ನು ಬಹಿರಂಗಪಡಿಸುವವರು (tappugalannu bahirangapadisuvavaru)
Synonyms: Informant, insider, reporter, exposer, leaker
Antonyms: Accomplice, collaborator, silent observer
Example: The whistle-blower statements about manufacturing defects prompted a thorough investigation.

17. DIRECTIVE

Part of Speech: Noun
Meaning: An official instruction or order, especially from a regulatory authority
Tamil: உத்தரவு (uttharavu)
Malayalam: നിർദ്ദേശം (nirddeshham)
Kannada: ನಿರ್ದೇಶ (nirdesha)
Synonyms: Order, instruction, mandate, command, guideline
Antonyms: Suggestion, recommendation, request
Example: The aviation authority issued a safety directive requiring immediate engine inspections.

18. EXTENSIVE

Part of Speech: Adjective
Meaning: Covering a large area; comprehensive; far-reaching
Tamil: விரிவான (virivana)
Malayalam: വിപുലമായ (vipulamaaya)
Kannada: ವ್ಯಾಪಕವಾದ (vyapakavada)
Synonyms: Comprehensive, widespread, broad, thorough, vast
Antonyms: Limited, narrow, restricted, minimal
Example: The battery issue led to extensive groundings of the aircraft worldwide.

19. GROUNDINGS

Part of Speech: Noun (Plural)
Meaning: The action of prohibiting aircraft from flying, usually for safety reasons
Tamil: விமான நிறுத்தம் (vimana niruttham)
Malayalam: വിമാന നിരോധനം (vimana nirodhanam)
Kannada: ವಿಮಾನ ನಿಷೇಧ (vimana nishedha)
Synonyms: Flight bans, suspensions, prohibitions, restrictions
Antonyms: Flight permissions, clearances, operations
Example: The worldwide groundings affected thousands of passengers and airline schedules.

20. STEERS

Part of Speech: Verb
Meaning: To guide or control the movement or course of something
Tamil: வழிநடத்துகிறது (vazhinadathukeeradu)
Malayalam: നയിക്കുന്നു (nayikkunnu)
Kannada: ನಡೆಸುತ್ತದೆ (nadesuttade)
Synonyms: Guides, directs, manages, controls, navigates
Antonyms: Follows, abandons, neglects, misguides
Example: The new management steers the airline toward improved safety standards and operational efficiency.

21. UNPRECEDENTED

Part of Speech: Adjective
Meaning: Never done or known before; without previous example
Tamil: முன்னோடியற்ற (munnodiarra)
Malayalam: അഭൂതപൂർവ്വമായ (abhootapoorvvamaaya)
Kannada: ಅಭೂತಪೂರ್ವ (abhootapoorva)
Synonyms: Unparalleled, unique, extraordinary, novel, first-time
Antonyms: Common, typical, usual, precedented, familiar
Example: The unprecedented merger of four airlines created India's largest aviation group.

22. INTEGRAL

Part of Speech: Adjective
Meaning: Essential or fundamental; necessary for completeness
Tamil: இன்றியமையாத (indrayamaiyatha)
Malayalam: അവിഭാജ്യമായ (avibhaajyamaaya)
Kannada: ಅಗತ್ಯವಾದ (agatyavada)
Synonyms: Essential, crucial, fundamental, vital, indispensable
Antonyms: Optional, unnecessary, peripheral, dispensable
Example: Safety management is integral to the airline's transformation roadmap.

23. INITIATED

Part of Speech: Verb (Past tense)
Meaning: Began or started; set in motion
Tamil: தொடங்கப்பட்டது (thodangappattadhu)
Malayalam: ആരംഭിച്ചു (aarambhichu)
Kannada: ಪ್ರಾರಂಭಿಸಲಾಯಿತು (prarambhisalayitu)
Synonyms: Started, began, launched, commenced, triggered
Antonyms: Concluded, ended, terminated, stopped
Example: A formal investigation has been initiated to determine the cause of the aircraft accident.

24. PROTOCOLS

Part of Speech: Noun (Plural)
Meaning: Formal procedures or systems of rules governing affairs or events
Tamil: நடைமுறைகள் (nadaimuraigal)
Malayalam: നടപടിക്രമങ്ങൾ (nadapadikramangal)
Kannada: ಕಾರ್ಯವಿಧಾನಗಳು (karyavidhanagalu)
Synonyms: Procedures, guidelines, rules, standards, practices
Antonyms: Improvisations, chaos, disorder, informality
Example: Aviation protocols require international cooperation in accident investigations.

25. COMPLEXITIES

Part of Speech: Noun (Plural)
Meaning: The state of being complex; complicated or intricate details
Tamil: சிக்கல்கள் (sikalgal)
Malayalam: സങ്കീർണ്ണതകൾ (sankeernnathakal)
Kannada: ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣತೆಗಳು (sankeernathegalu)
Synonyms: Complications, intricacies, difficulties, challenges
Antonyms: Simplicities, straightforwardness, ease, clarity
Example: The complexities of modern aircraft systems require specialized expertise for investigation.

26. IRONED OUT

Part of Speech: Phrasal Verb
Meaning: To resolve or eliminate problems; to smooth out difficulties
Tamil: தீர்க்கப்பட்ட (theerkkappatta)
Malayalam: പരിഹരിച്ചു (pariharichchu)
Kannada: ಪರಿಹರಿಸಲಾಯಿತು (pariharisalayitu)
Synonyms: Resolved, settled, solved, sorted out, smoothed
Antonyms: Complicated, created problems, confused, tangled
Example: The technical complexities need to be ironed out through careful analysis and expert consultation.

27. STRIKES

Part of Speech: Noun (Plural)/Verb
Meaning: Military attacks; sudden assaults
Tamil: தாக்குதல்கள் (thakkuthalgal)
Malayalam: ആക്രമണങ്ങൾ (aakramanangal)
Kannada: ದಾಳಿಗಳು (daaligalu)
Synonyms: Attacks, assaults, raids, bombardments, offensives
Antonyms: Defenses, retreats, peace, truces
Example: The military strikes on nuclear facilities have escalated regional tensions.

28. BRAZENLY

Part of Speech: Adverb
Meaning: In a bold and shameless manner; without shame or fear
Tamil: வெட்கமின்றி (vetkaminri)
Malayalam: നാണമില്ലാതെ (naanamillaathe)
Kannada: ನಾಚಿಕೆಯಿಲ್ಲದೆ (naachikeyillade)
Synonyms: Boldly, shamelessly, audaciously, defiantly, impudently
Antonyms: Modestly, humbly, sheepishly, cautiously
Example: The nation brazenly violated international law with its unprovoked attacks.

29. RECKLESS

Part of Speech: Adjective
Meaning: Without thinking about the consequences; careless and dangerous
Tamil: கவனமற்ற (kavanamarraa)
Malayalam: അശ്രദ്ധയായ (ashraddayaaya)
Kannada: ಅಜಾಗರೂಕ (ajagarooka)
Synonyms: Careless, dangerous, irresponsible, thoughtless, hasty
Antonyms: Careful, cautious, responsible, prudent, thoughtful
Example: The reckless military action has put regional stability at serious risk.

30. RESOLVING

Part of Speech: Verb (Gerund)
Meaning: Finding a solution to a problem or conflict
Tamil: தீர்த்து வைக்கும் (theerththu vaikkum)
Malayalam: പരിഹരിക്കുന്ന (pariharikkunna)
Kannada: ಪರಿಹರಿಸುವ (pariharisva)
Synonyms: Solving, settling, addressing, fixing, clearing up
Antonyms: Complicating, creating problems, confusing, worsening
Example: Diplomatic negotiations were the best hope for resolving the nuclear crisis peacefully.

31. ALLY

Part of Speech: Noun
Meaning: A country or organization that cooperates with another for mutual benefit
Tamil: கூட்டாளி (kuttaali)
Malayalam: സഖ്യകക്ഷി (sakhyakakshi)
Kannada: ಮಿತ್ರ (mithra)
Synonyms: Partner, associate, supporter, confederate, friend
Antonyms: Enemy, opponent, adversary, rival, foe
Example: The country's closest ally failed to prevent the military escalation in the region.

32. ENRICHMENT

Part of Speech: Noun
Meaning: The process of increasing the concentration of a particular component
Tamil: செறிவூட்டல் (serivootal)
Malayalam: സമ്പുഷ്ടീകരണം (sampushtikaranam)
Kannada: ಸಮೃದ್ಧೀಕರಣ (samruddheekarana)
Synonyms: Concentration, purification, enhancement, fortification
Antonyms: Dilution, depletion, reduction, weakening
Example: Uranium enrichment beyond certain levels raises concerns about weapons development.

33. BALLISTIC

Part of Speech: Adjective
Meaning: Relating to projectiles or their flight; relating to ballistics
Tamil: ஏவுகணை (evukanai)
Malayalam: ബാലിസ്റ്റിക് (ballistic)
Kannada: ಬ್ಯಾಲಿಸ್ಟಿಕ್ (ballistic)
Synonyms: Missile, projectile, rocket, guided
Antonyms: Stationary, fixed, non-projectile
Example: The attack targeted ballistic missile manufacturing facilities.

34. RETALIATION

Part of Speech: Noun
Meaning: The action of returning a hostile action; revenge
Tamil: பதிலடி (pathiladi)
Malayalam: പ്രതികാരം (prathikaaram)
Kannada: ಪ್ರತೀಕಾರ (pratikaara)
Synonyms: Revenge, reprisal, counterattack, payback, vengeance
Antonyms: Forgiveness, mercy, restraint, reconciliation
Example: The drone attack was launched in retaliation for the strikes on nuclear facilities.

35. PROLONGED

Part of Speech: Adjective
Meaning: Continuing for a long time; extended in duration
Tamil: நீடித்த (neediththa)
Malayalam: നീണ്ട (nenda)
Kannada: ದೀರ್ಘಕಾಲದ (deerghakaaladaa)
Synonyms: Extended, lengthy, sustained, protracted, long-lasting
Antonyms: Brief, short, temporary, quick, momentary
Example: A prolonged conflict in the region would have devastating economic consequences.

36. COUNTER-ATTACKS

Part of Speech: Noun (Plural)/Compound word
Meaning: Attacks made in response to enemy attacks
Tamil: எதிர் தாக்குதல்கள் (ethir thaakkuthalgal)
Malayalam: പ്രത്യാക്രമണങ്ങൾ (prathyaakramanangal)
Kannada: ಪ್ರತಿದಾಳಿಗಳು (prathidaaligalu)
Synonyms: Retaliatory strikes, counteroffensives, defensive attacks
Antonyms: Initial attacks, first strikes, peaceful responses
Example: The cycle of attacks and counter-attacks threatens regional stability.

37. SPILLOVER

Part of Speech: Noun/Compound word
Meaning: An instance of something overflowing or spreading beyond its usual boundaries
Tamil: பரவல் (paraval)
Malayalam: വ്യാപനം (vyaapanam)
Kannada: ಹರಡುವಿಕೆ (haraduvike)
Synonyms: Overflow, spread, extension, expansion, contagion
Antonyms: Containment, isolation, limitation, restriction
Example: Regional spillover effects could draw neighboring countries into the conflict.

38. LEGITIMATE

Part of Speech: Adjective
Meaning: Conforming to law or rules; justified; valid
Tamil: நியாயமான (niyayamana)
Malayalam: ന്യായമായ (nyaayamaaya)
Kannada: ನ್ಯಾಯಸಮ್ಮತ (nyaayasamma)
Synonyms: Valid, justified, lawful, reasonable, proper
Antonyms: Illegitimate, unjustified, invalid, unlawful
Example: There are legitimate concerns about nuclear proliferation in the region.

39. ENRICHED

Part of Speech: Verb (Past tense)/Adjective
Meaning: Made richer in quality; increased in concentration
Tamil: செறிவூட்டப்பட்ட (serivootappatta)
Malayalam: സമ്പുഷ്ടമാക്കിയ (sampushtamaakkiya)
Kannada: ಸಮೃದ್ಧಗೊಳಿಸಿದ (samruddhagoḷisida)
Synonyms: Concentrated, purified, enhanced, fortified
Antonyms: Diluted, depleted, weakened, reduced
Example: The country has enriched uranium to levels beyond civilian requirements.

40. SCUTTLE

Part of Speech: Verb
Meaning: To deliberately sink or destroy; to abandon or give up
Tamil: கைவிடு (kaividu)
Malayalam: ഉപേക്ഷിക്കുക (upekshikkuka)
Kannada: ಕೈಬಿಡು (kaibidu)
Synonyms: Abandon, destroy, sink, terminate, discard
Antonyms: Preserve, maintain, continue, support
Example: Iran agreed to scuttle its nuclear weapons program in exchange for sanctions relief.

41. SABOTAGED

Part of Speech: Verb (Past tense)
Meaning: Deliberately destroyed or undermined; deliberately obstructed
Tamil: நாசமாக்கப்பட்ட (naasamaakkappatta)
Malayalam: അട്ടിമറിച്ചു (attimarichchu)
Kannada: ಹಾನಿಗೊಳಿಸಿದ (hanigoḷisida)
Synonyms: Undermined, destroyed, wrecked, ruined, obstructed
Antonyms: Supported, helped, constructed, facilitated
Example: The previous administration sabotaged the nuclear agreement by withdrawing from it.

42. DIALOGUE

Part of Speech: Noun
Meaning: Conversation between two or more parties, especially for diplomatic purposes
Tamil: உரையாடல் (uraiyaadal)
Malayalam: സംഭാഷണം (sambhaashanam)
Kannada: ಸಂಭಾಷಣೆ (sambhaashaṇe)
Synonyms: Conversation, discussion, negotiation, talks, communication
Antonyms: Silence, monologue, isolation, non-communication
Example: Diplomatic dialogue offers the best path to resolving international conflicts.

43. SEIZED

Part of Speech: Verb (Past tense)
Meaning: Took hold of suddenly and forcibly; grabbed an opportunity
Tamil: பயன்படுத்திக்கொண்ட (payanpadutthikonda)
Malayalam: പിടിച്ചെടുത്തു (pidichcheduthu)
Kannada: ಪಡೆದುಕೊಂಡಿತು (padedukonditu)
Synonyms: Grasped, captured, grabbed, took advantage of
Antonyms: Released, let go, missed, ignored
Example: The opposition party seized the opportunity to criticize the government's foreign policy.

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